Table 1 Description of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study Design for Included Studies (PICOS)
Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
Population | All adults aged 18 years and over. Studies where participants were drawn from a population with a psychiatric condition such as an eating disorder were excluded. |
Intervention | Diet: for the purpose of this review, an intervention involving a “whole dietary pattern” such as the Mediterranean diet [11] Dash diet [18] MIND diet [17] or foods analysed from 4 out of 5 of the food groups (protein, grains/carbohydrates, oil and fats, dairy, fruit/vegetable. Studies were not included where the dietary behaviour was a de facto medical treatment e.g. gluten free diet, also single food group and nutrients diet studies such as, fruit and vegetable, or omega 3 were excluded, as these don’t from a “whole dietary” pattern. Theoretical model: Studies were included that used a theoretical framework to deliver their intervention. Theoretical models such as the Health Belief Model (HBM) [84] Stages of Change Model [85] and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) [86] were included. |
Comparison | Usual diet, information booklet. |
Outcome | Improved diet quality, increased adherence to diet. |
Study design | Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials published in English. |