Table 3 Multilevel analysis of individual and community level factors of complete basic childhood vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in East Africa
Variable | Null model (model without independent variables) | Model 1(model adjusted with individual level variables) AOR with 95% CI | Model 2 (model adjusted with community level variables) AOR with 95% CI | Model 3 (model adjusted with individual and community level variables) AOR with 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | ||||
15–24 | 1 | 1 | ||
25–34 | 1.13 (1.03, 1.23) | 1.21 (1.10, 1.32)* | ||
≥ 35 | 1.41 (1.24, 1.61) | 1.50 (1.31, 1.71)* | ||
Maternal education | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 1.22 (1.12, 1.33) | 1.26 (1.15, 1.38)* | ||
Secondary and above | 1.52 (1.35, 1.72) | 1.54 (1.36, 1.75)* | ||
Husband education | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 1.26 (1.14, 1.40) | 1.25 (1.13, 1.39)* | ||
Secondary and above | 1.37 (1.22, 1.53) | 1.24 (1.11, 1.40)* | ||
Media exposure | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) | 1.23 (1.13, 1.33)** | ||
Preceding birth interval (in months) | ||||
< 24 | 1 | 1 | ||
24–48 | 1.34 (1.21, 1.48) | 1.28 (1.15, 1.42)* | ||
≥ 49 | 1.34 (1.20, 1.49) | 1.35 (1.21, 1.50)* | ||
Number of ANC visit | ||||
No visit | 1 | 1 | ||
1–3 | 3.82 (3.30, 4.42) | 3.24 (2.78, 3.77)* | ||
≥ 4 | 4.33 (3.74, 5.01) | 3.68 (3.17, 4.28)** | ||
PNC visit | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.41 (1.30, 1.52) | 1.34 (1.23, 1.47)* | ||
Place of delivery | ||||
Home | 1 | 1 | ||
Health facility | 1.52 (1.40, 1.64) | 1.48 (1.35, 1.62)** | ||
Mode of delivery | ||||
Vaginal | 1 | 1 | ||
Caesarean | 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | ||
Child size at birth | ||||
Large | 1 | 1 | ||
Average | 1.14 (1.06, 1.24) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.19)** | ||
Small | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.10) | ||
Parity | ||||
1–3 | 1 | 1 | ||
4–6 | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.91)* | ||
≥ 7 | 0.64 (0.56, 0.74) | 0.60 (0.52, 0.70)* | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 1 | 1 | ||
Married | 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) | ||
Divorced/widowed/separated | 0.88 (0.74, 1.06) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.08) | ||
Wealth status | ||||
Poor | 1 | 1 | ||
Middle | 1.22 (1.11, 1.33) | 1.16 (1.06, 1.28)* | ||
Average | 1.21 (1.11, 1.32) | 1.20 (1.09, 1.33)** | ||
Country | ||||
Ethiopia | 1 | 1 | ||
Burundi | 7.76 (6.48, 9.31) | 4.21 (3.47, 5.11)* | ||
Kenya | 3.04 (2.68, 3.46) | 1.96 (1.69, 2.27)* | ||
Comoros | 2.07 (1.69, 2.52) | 1.17 (0.94, 1.45) | ||
Madagascar | 2.12 (1.81, 2.48) | 1.48 (1.24, 1.76)* | ||
Malawi | 4.92 (4.13, 5.87) | 2.08 (1.72, 2.52)* | ||
Mozambique | 2.76 (2.41, 3.15) | 1.60 (1.37, 1.86)* | ||
Rwanda | 1.01 (0.84, 1.19) | 0.41 (0.34, 0.50)* | ||
Tanzania | 4.17 (3.62, 4.79) | 2.10 (1.79, 2.46)* | ||
Uganda | 1.85 (1.57, 2.18) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.09) | ||
Zambia | 4.09 (3.54, 4.73) | 1.77 (1.50, 2.10)* | ||
Zimbabwe | 5.05 (4.22, 6.05) | 1.83 (1.49, 2.26)* | ||
Residence | ||||
Rural | 1 | 1 | ||
Urban | 1.48 (1.36, 1.60) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.02) | ||
Community women education | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||
High | 1.21 (1.09, 1.34) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) | ||
Community poverty | ||||
Low | 1.39 (1.27, 1.51) | 1.21 (1.11, 1.32)** | ||
High | 1 | 1 | ||
Community media exposure | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||
High | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) | ||
Random effect analysis result | ||||
Cluster level variance | 0.15 (0.11, 0.19) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.14) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.12) |
ICC | 0.42 (0.33, 0.55) | 0.28 (0.19, 0.39) | 0.38 (0.28, 0.51) | 0.27 (0.19, 0.40) |
LR-test | chibar2(01) = 115.38 p-value< 0.0001 | chibar2(01) = 48.85 p-value< 0.0001 | chibar2(01) = 83.03 P-value< 0.001 | chibar2(01) = 84.51 p-value< 0.0001 |
MOR | 1.45 (1.38, 1.51) | 1.33 (1.26, 1.43) | 1.40 (1.33, 1.48) | 1.31 (1.26, 1.39) |
PCV | Ref | 0.4 | 0.13 | 0.47 |
LLR | −11,725.223 | −10,792.516 | −11,029.99 | −10,437.633 |
Deviance | 23,450.446 | 21,585.032 | 22,059.98 | 20,875.266 |