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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with areas with high HFMD case numbers

From: Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

Factors

High HFMD incidence

n (%) compliance

Low HFMD incidence

n (%) compliance

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR

95% CI

p-value

AOR

95% CI

p-value

Total

62 (100.0)

47 (100.0)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

(1) Indoor environment

 Indoor light

42 (67.7)

17 (36.2)

0.27

0.12–0.60

0.001a

   

 Area of windows and doors

56 (90.3)

42 (89.4)

0.90

0.26–3.15

0.869

   

 Ventilation

56 (90.3)

43 (91.5)

1.15

0.31–4.34

0.835

   

 Area for activities

54 (87.1)

37 (78.7)

0.55

0.20–1.52

0.248

   

 First aid room

29 (46.8)

12 (25.5)

0.39

0.17–0.89

0.025a

   

 Sufficient toys for children

57 (91.9)

43 (91.5)

0.94

0.24 t-3.72

0.933

   

 Personal amenities

52 (83.9)

42 (89.4)

1.62

0.51–5.09

0.413

   

 Number of toilets

39 (62.9)

32 (68.1)

1.26

0.56–2.80

0.574

   

 Number of sinks in the restroom

29 (46.8)

36 (76.6)

3.72

1.61–8.62

0.002a

4.12

1.13–15.04

0.032a

 Hand soap in the restroom

44 (70.1)

37 (78.7)

1.51

0.62–3.68

0.360

   

(2) Frequency of cleaning utensils, toys and some spaces or areas inside the building with a cleaning solution

 Frequency of cleaning glass

53 (85.5)

37 (78.7)

0.63

0.23–1.70

0.359

   

 Frequency of cleaning handkerchiefs and napkins

26 (41.9)

18 (38.3)

0.86

0.40–1.87

0.702

   

 Frequency of cleaning bed sheets, pillowcases and blankets

62 (100.0)

45 (95.7)

0.15

0.01–3.11

0.217

   

 Solution used for cleaning toys

59 (95.2)

42 (89.4)

0.43

0.10–1.87

0.262

   

 Frequency of cleaning mouth-use toys

2 (3.2)

3 (6.4)

2.05

0.33–12.76

0.444

   

 Frequency of cleaning inside building areas or spaces

59 (95.2)

45 (95.7)

1.14

0.18–7.14

0.885

   

 Proper cleaner types

62 (100.0)

44 (93.6)

0.10

0.01–2.02

0.134

   

(3) Personal hygiene

 Hand washing before meals

54 (87.1)

36 (76.6)

0.48

0.18–1.32

0.157

   

 Hand washing after using the toilet

10 (16.1)

7 (14.9)

1.22

0.57–2.61

0.612

   

 Hand washing after playing with toys

14 (22.6)

12 (25.5)

1.18

0.48–2.85

0.720

   

 Separate drinking glass

26 (41.9)

22 (46.8)

1.22

0.57–2.61

0.612

   

(4) DCC size

 Large DCC size (> 80 children)

10 (16.1)

1 (2.1)

10.29

1.25–84.64

0.032a

3.28

1.21–5.18

0.041a

  1. aSignificance level at α = 0.05