From: Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand
Factors | High HFMD incidence n (%) compliance | Low HFMD incidence n (%) compliance | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p-value | AOR | 95% CI | p-value | |||
Total | 62 (100.0) | 47 (100.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
(1) Indoor environment | ||||||||
 Indoor light | 42 (67.7) | 17 (36.2) | 0.27 | 0.12–0.60 | 0.001a |  |  |  |
 Area of windows and doors | 56 (90.3) | 42 (89.4) | 0.90 | 0.26–3.15 | 0.869 |  |  |  |
 Ventilation | 56 (90.3) | 43 (91.5) | 1.15 | 0.31–4.34 | 0.835 |  |  |  |
 Area for activities | 54 (87.1) | 37 (78.7) | 0.55 | 0.20–1.52 | 0.248 |  |  |  |
 First aid room | 29 (46.8) | 12 (25.5) | 0.39 | 0.17–0.89 | 0.025a |  |  |  |
 Sufficient toys for children | 57 (91.9) | 43 (91.5) | 0.94 | 0.24 t-3.72 | 0.933 |  |  |  |
 Personal amenities | 52 (83.9) | 42 (89.4) | 1.62 | 0.51–5.09 | 0.413 |  |  |  |
 Number of toilets | 39 (62.9) | 32 (68.1) | 1.26 | 0.56–2.80 | 0.574 |  |  |  |
 Number of sinks in the restroom | 29 (46.8) | 36 (76.6) | 3.72 | 1.61–8.62 | 0.002a | 4.12 | 1.13–15.04 | 0.032a |
 Hand soap in the restroom | 44 (70.1) | 37 (78.7) | 1.51 | 0.62–3.68 | 0.360 |  |  |  |
(2) Frequency of cleaning utensils, toys and some spaces or areas inside the building with a cleaning solution | ||||||||
 Frequency of cleaning glass | 53 (85.5) | 37 (78.7) | 0.63 | 0.23–1.70 | 0.359 |  |  |  |
 Frequency of cleaning handkerchiefs and napkins | 26 (41.9) | 18 (38.3) | 0.86 | 0.40–1.87 | 0.702 |  |  |  |
 Frequency of cleaning bed sheets, pillowcases and blankets | 62 (100.0) | 45 (95.7) | 0.15 | 0.01–3.11 | 0.217 |  |  |  |
 Solution used for cleaning toys | 59 (95.2) | 42 (89.4) | 0.43 | 0.10–1.87 | 0.262 |  |  |  |
 Frequency of cleaning mouth-use toys | 2 (3.2) | 3 (6.4) | 2.05 | 0.33–12.76 | 0.444 |  |  |  |
 Frequency of cleaning inside building areas or spaces | 59 (95.2) | 45 (95.7) | 1.14 | 0.18–7.14 | 0.885 |  |  |  |
 Proper cleaner types | 62 (100.0) | 44 (93.6) | 0.10 | 0.01–2.02 | 0.134 |  |  |  |
(3) Personal hygiene | ||||||||
 Hand washing before meals | 54 (87.1) | 36 (76.6) | 0.48 | 0.18–1.32 | 0.157 |  |  |  |
 Hand washing after using the toilet | 10 (16.1) | 7 (14.9) | 1.22 | 0.57–2.61 | 0.612 |  |  |  |
 Hand washing after playing with toys | 14 (22.6) | 12 (25.5) | 1.18 | 0.48–2.85 | 0.720 |  |  |  |
 Separate drinking glass | 26 (41.9) | 22 (46.8) | 1.22 | 0.57–2.61 | 0.612 |  |  |  |
(4) DCC size | ||||||||
 Large DCC size (> 80 children) | 10 (16.1) | 1 (2.1) | 10.29 | 1.25–84.64 | 0.032a | 3.28 | 1.21–5.18 | 0.041a |