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Table 3 Indicators used for the social (A) and epidemiological diagnosis (B). In many cases there are international, national or locally defined standards. For the indicators included in the social diagnosis specific objectives should be agreed between the General directorate of Welfare of Region of Lombardy (DGW-LR) and the local health authorities (LHA)

From: Development and first application of an audit system for screening programs based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model: an experience with breast cancer screening in the region of Lombardy (Italy)

Indicators

Italian mandatory standards (LEA)

recommended standards a

standards set by the DGW-LR

Note

% coverage screening

> 55%

  

Ac

% advanced cancer screen detected (stage > = 2) at subsequent exams

< 25%

  

Ac

%screen detected cancers without staging

< 10%

  

Ac

% Participation rate

 

75%

 

Ac

% letters not delivered

  

< 5%

A

% patients excluded post invitation

  

< 10%

A

% patients with “waiting for recall <=28 days”

 

> 90%

 

Ac

% people excluded before invitation on total population targetb

  

> 0%

Ac

% people invited on total population target

  

> 90%

Ac

% rate of interval cancers 0–11 months

  

< 10%

B

% rate of interval cancers 12–23 months

  

< 40%

B

% recall rate first exams

 

< 7%

 

A

% recall rate (subsequent examinations

 

< 5%

 

A

% screen-detected cancers compared to the total of cancers detected

  

> 30%

B

average call time (in months)

 

24

24

A

rate of interval cancers × 1000

  

< 3

A

sensitivity (proportional incidence)

  

> 70%

A

sensitivity (screen detected / observed)

  

> 65%

A

% overall coverage (screening and extra screening)

  

> 80%

B

% PPV

  

> 7%

B

% prevalence

  

to define locally

B

Incidence

  

to define locally

B

rate of interval cancers ×1000

  

< 1,5

B

sensitivity (proportional incidence)

  

> 70%

B

sensitivity (screen detected / observed)

  

> 99%

B

% coverage 45–49

  

> 50%

B

  1. A = indicators for social diagnosis; these indicators are mandatory and are defined by the regulatory system. Data for these indicators are collected centrally by the DGW-LR and standards are fixed
  2. B = indicators only for epidemiological diagnosis, data are collected locally by the screening programs
  3. aGISMA Italian scientific society of breast screening or European guidelines on Breast cancer
  4. b the majority of screening centres don’t calculate this indicator
  5. c mandatory