Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Participants
Baseline variables | Intervention (N = 70) | Control (N = 74) | p-value‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | N(%) | N | N(%) | ||
Sociodemographic Characteristics | |||||
 Gender | 70 |  | 74 |  | 0.279 |
  Male |  | 53 (75.7%) |  | 50 (67.6%) |  |
  Female |  | 17 (24.3%) |  | 24 (32.4%) |  |
 Age | 69 | 47.94 ± 14.37 | 74 | 44.85 ± 12.97 | 0.179# |
 Educational attainment | 69 |  | 74 |  | 0.187 |
  Primary or below |  | 20 (29.0%) |  | 12 (16.2%) |  |
  Secondary or below |  | 42 (60.9%) |  | 53 (71.6%) |  |
  Matriculation or above |  | 7 (10.1%) |  | 9 (12.2%) |  |
 Marital Status | 67 |  | 73 |  | 0.639 |
  Single |  | 12 (17.9%) |  | 15 (20.5%) |  |
  Married |  | 51 (76.1%) |  | 51 (69.9%) |  |
  Divorced/ separated/widowed |  | 4 (6.0%) |  | 7 (9.6%) |  |
 Employment status | 68 |  | 74 |  | 0.182 |
  Currently employed |  | 53 (77.9%) |  | 64 (86.5%) |  |
  Unemployed |  | 15 (22.1%) |  | 10 (13.5%) |  |
 Monthly household income | 67 |  | 72 |  | 0.316 |
  HK$9999 or less |  | 11 (16.4%) |  | 11 (15.3%) |  |
  HK$10,000-29,999 |  | 34 (50.7%) |  | 45 (62.5%) |  |
  HK$30,000 or above |  | 22 (32.8%) |  | 16 (22.2%) |  |
 Living with others | 68 |  | 74 |  | 0.868 |
  Yes |  | 61 (89.7%) |  | 67 (90.5%) |  |
  No |  | 7 (10.3%) |  | 7 (9.5%) |  |
 Had a partner who smoked | 70 |  | 74 |  | 0.305 |
  Yes |  | 13 (18.6%) |  | 19 (25.7%) |  |
  No |  | 57 (81.4%) |  | 55 (74.3%) |  |
Current smoking status and behavior | |||||
 Smoking status | 70 |  | 74 |  | 0.587 |
  Daily smoker |  | 69 (98.6%) |  | 74 (100.0%) |  |
  Occasional smoker |  | 0 (0%) |  | 0 (0%) |  |
  Recently quit |  | 1 (1.4%) |  | 0 (0%) |  |
 Average cigarette/day in the past 1 month | 70 |  | 73 |  | 0.911 |
  10 or fewer |  | 25 (35.7%) |  | 24 (32.9%) |  |
  11–20 |  | 33 (47.1%) |  | 37 (50.7%) |  |
  21 or more |  | 12 (17.1%) |  | 12 (16.4%) |  |
 Years of smoking | 70 | 19.06 ± 6.61 | 74 | 18.10 ± 4.87 | 0.323# |
 Nicotine dependence level | 70 |  | 74 |  | 0.383 |
  Low |  | 26 (37.1%) |  | 35 (47.3%) |  |
  Moderate |  | 14 (20.0%) |  | 15 (20.3%) |  |
  High |  | 30 (42.9%) |  | 24 (32.4%) |  |
 Smoke at home | 70 |  | 74 |  | 0.194 |
  Yes |  | 54 (77.1%) |  | 64 (86.5%) |  |
  No |  | 16 (22.9%) |  | 10 (13.5%) |  |
 Social support in quitting | 70 |  | 74 |  | 1.000 |
  Yes |  | 67 (95.7%) |  | 70 (94.6%) |  |
  No |  | 3 (4.3%) |  | 4 (5.4%) |  |
Quitting history | |||||
 Previous attempt at quitting | 70 |  | 74 |  | 0.419 |
  No |  | 22 (31.4%) |  | 28 (37.8%) |  |
  Yes |  | 48 (68.6%) |  | 46 (62.2%) |  |
Intention to quit | |||||
 Stages of change | 70 |  | 74 |  | 0.227 |
  Pre-contemplation |  | 11 (15.7%) |  | 16 (21.6%) |  |
  Contemplation |  | 26 (37.1%) |  | 16 (21.6%) |  |
  Preparation |  | 31 (44.3%) |  | 40 (54.1%) |  |
  Action |  | 2 (2.9%) |  | 2 (2.7%) |  |