Testing the effect of summer camp on excess summer weight gain in youth from low-income households: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Changes in relative weight and weight-related behaviors from the school year (baseline) to midsummer among children randomized to attend a daily summer camp or to experience summer as usual (SAU)

	SAU	CAMP	Group Difference (effect estimate; p-value)
*Change in BMI z-score (BMIz)* (n = 44 in SAU; n = 43 in CAMP)
School^a	1.25 + 0.17	1.43 + 0.18
Mid-Summer^a	1.34 + 0.19	1.41 + 0.19
Change^b	+ 0.07 + 0.03	−0.03 + 0.03	b = 0.10; p = .07
*Change in percent time spent in Moderate to Vigorous Activity* (n = 33 in SAU; n = 36 in CAMP)
School^a	9.7 + 0.6%	9.4 + 0.6%
Mid-Summer^a	8.1 + 0.8%	7.5 + 0.8%
Change^b	−1.9 + 0.7%	2.3 + 0.7%	b = 0.40; p = .65
*Change in percent time spent Sedentary* (n = 33 in SAU; n = 36 in CAMP)
School^a	61.8 + 1.1%	62.3 + 1.2%
Mid-Summer^a	65.9 + 1.7%	66.8 + 1.8%
Change^b	+ 4.7 + 1.6%	+ 5.3 + 1.7%	b = − 0.64; p = .75
*Change in Energy Intake* (n = 40 in SAU; n = 35 in CAMP)
School^a	1495.9 + 91.6	1519.1 + 98.0
Mid-Summer^a	1682.8 + 165.4	1464.3 + 171.0
Change^b	+ 247.8 + 130.4	−52.5 + 135.4	b = 300.3; p = .07
*Change in Dietary Quality (HEI-2015 total score)* (n = 40 in SAU; n = 35 in CAMP)
School^a	47.9 + 2.0	46.9 + 2.2
Mid-Summer^a	48.6 + 1.9	48.5 + 1.8
Change^b	+ 0.49 + 1.8	+ 0.12 + 1.9	b = 0.4; p = .87

^aAdjusted means from linear mixed model adjusted for clustering by family and controlling for year, age and race/ethnicity
^bAdjusted means from linear mixed model adjusted for clustering by family and controlling for year, age, race/ethnicity and baseline values

ISSN: 1471-2458