Table 1 Baseline characteristics of clusters and individuals by trial arm
Participant characteristics | MWH + training (n = 1269) | Training only (n = 1371) | Usual care (n = 1144) | Overall (n = 3784) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster level | ||||||||
 Mean PHCU sample size (Standard deviation) | 159 (15) | 171 (41) | 143 (20) | 158 (29) | ||||
 PHCU sample size range | 136–189 | 116–242 | 111–166 | 111–242 | ||||
| Â | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) |
 Educated women | 550 | (44) | 677 | (50) | 456 | (40) | 1683 | (45) |
 Least poor households | 593 | (47) | 569 | (43) | 351 | (31) | 1513 | (40) |
 Poor functioning MWH | 6 | (75) | 3 | (38) | 7 | (88) | 16 | (67) |
 ≥1 BEmOC trained midwife | 6 | (75) | 8 | (100) | 7 | (88) | 21 | (88) |
 HEW home visit | 418 | (32.9) | 477 | (34.8) | 375 | (32.8) | 1270 | (33.6) |
 Antenatal care use | 1052 | (82.9) | 1215 | (88.6) | 911 | (79.6) | 3178 | (84.0) |
 Maternity waiting home use | 98 | (7.7) | 88 | (6.4) | 70 | (6.1) | 256 | (6.8) |
 Institutional births | 608 | (48.0) | 726 | (53.2) | 519 | (45.5) | 1853 | (49.1) |
 Postnatal care use | 491 | (38.8) | 576 | (42.2) | 421 | (36.9) | 1488 | (39.4) |
Individual level | ||||||||
 Women’s age | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) |
 < 20 years | 84 | (6.9) | 102 | (7.6) | 62 | (5.6) | 248 | (6.8) |
 20–30 years | 790 | (65.0) | 862 | (64.1) | 705 | (63.5) | 2357 | (64.2) |
 > 30 years | 342 | (28.1) | 381 | (28.3) | 344 | (31.0) | 1067 | (29.0) |
 Women’s occupation | ||||||||
 Housewives | 980 | (77.2) | 1064 | (77.6) | 890 | (77.8) | 2934 | (77.5) |
 Other | 289 | (22.8) | 307 | (22.4) | 254 | (22.2) | 850 | (22.5) |
 Parity | ||||||||
 1 child | 274 | (21.6) | 329 | (24.0) | 224 | (19.6) | 827 | (21.9) |
 > 1 child | 995 | (78.4) | 1042 | (76.0) | 920 | (80.4) | 2957 | (78.1) |
 Husband’s education level | ||||||||
 None | 562 | (47.0) | 508 | (38.9) | 506 | (46.5) | 1576 | (43.9) |
 Primary | 530 | (44.3) | 659 | (50.5) | 493 | (45.3) | 1682 | (46.9) |
 Secondary/higher | 104 | (8.7) | 138 | (10.6) | 89 | (8.2) | 331 | (9.2) |
 Husband’s occupation | ||||||||
 Farmer | 982 | (82.2) | 1085 | (83.4) | 950 | (87.6) | 3017 | (84.3) |
 Other | 212 | (17.8) | 216 | (16.6) | 135 | (12.4) | 563 | (15.7) |
 Travel time to health centrea | ||||||||
 < 1 h | 914 | (75.7) | 1059 | (79.3) | 854 | (78.4) | 2827 | (77.9) |
 ≥ 1 h | 293 | (24.3) | 276 | (20.7) | 235 | (21.6) | 804 | (22.1) |