Table 7 Multivariate multilevel multinomial regression of child, maternal, household and community-level factors associated with age-specific under-five mortality, 2016/2017 Nigeria MICS
|  | Model 0 | Model 5 (Final model) Ref: alive (N = 18,219) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept-only RRR (95%CI) | Neonatal mortality (0–27 days) RRR (95%CI) | Post-neonatal mortality (28 days-11 months) RRR (95%CI) | Child mortality (12 months to 11 months) RRR (95%CI) | |
Child-level factors | ||||
 Child’s sex | ||||
  Male |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Female |  | 0.67 (0.55–0.81)*** | 0.80 (0.65–0.98)* | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) |
 Gestation type | ||||
  Single |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Multiple |  | 5.77 (4.07–8.17)*** | 2.28 (1.52–3.44)*** | 1.33 (0.70–2.53) |
 Previous birth interval | ||||
  < 2 years |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  First birth |  | 1.26 (0.84–1.90) | 1.82 (1.18–2.82)** | 1.68 (1.07–2.63)* |
  ≥ 2 years |  | 0.38 (0.30–0.49)*** | 0.57 (0.44–0.73)*** | 0.48 (0.36–0.64)*** |
 Maternal age at birth | ||||
  < 20 years |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  20–34 years |  | 0.46 (0.33–0.62)*** | 0.84 (0.58–1.23) | 0.66 (0.44–0.99)* |
  ≥ 35 years |  | 0.36 (0.24–0.55)*** | 0.71 (0.42–1.21) | 0.52 (0.30–0.93)* |
Maternal-level factors | ||||
 Maternal education | ||||
  None/primary |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Secondary |  | 0.85 (0.62–1.17) | 0.68 (0.47–0.97)* | 0.77 (0.50–1.17) |
  Post-secondary |  | 1.13 (0.64–2.02) | 0.74 (0.39–1.43) | 0.34 (0.12–1.03) |
 Maternal wealth index | ||||
  Poor |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Middle |  | 1.30 (0.98–1.71) | 1.15 (0.85–1.57) | 1.07 (0.80–1.45) |
  Rich |  | 1.35 (0.94–1.93) | 1.37 (0.94–2.01) | 0.57 (0.35–0.92)* |
 Death of previous children | ||||
  < 3 |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  3–4 |  | 9.07 (6.48–12.68)*** | 5.23 (3.71–7.37)*** | 6.12 (4.42–8.47)*** |
  ≥ 5 |  | 10.01 (5.75–17.44)*** | 10.52 (6.21–17.82)*** | 7.78 (4.74–12.77)*** |
 Parity | ||||
  < 3 |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  3–4 |  | 1.77 (1.25–2.53)*** | 2.42 (1.57–3.73)*** | 3.87 (2.46–6.08)*** |
  ≥ 5 |  | 1.54 (0.96–2.46) | 1.76 (1.06–2.93)* | 3.66 (2.18–6.17)*** |
 Skilled birth attendants during deliverya | ||||
  None |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Skilled |  | 1.39 (1.02–1.90)* | 0.72 (0.49–1.07) | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) |
  Unskilled |  | 1.08 (0.81–1.45) | 1.07 (0.78–1.47) | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) |
 Contraceptive use | ||||
  Yes |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  No |  | 1.22 (0.82–1.84) | 0.97 (0.58–1.60) | 3.34 (1.27–8.81)* |
Community-level factors | ||||
 Place of residence | ||||
  Urban |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Rural |  | 1.08 (0.79–1.47) | 1.66 (1.13–2.45)** | 1.15 (0.74–1.79) |
 Region | ||||
  North-Central (NC) |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  North-East (NE) |  | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) | 0.93 (0.64–1.34) | 1.05 (0.67–1.64) |
  North-West (NW) |  | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 1.63 (1.09–2.41)* |
  South-East (SE) |  | 0.45 (0.27–0.76)** | 0.94 (0.54–1.65) | 0.85 (0.40–1.80) |
  South-South (SS) |  | 0.50 (0.32–0.79)** | 0.99 (0.61–1.60) | 0.57 (0.29–1.13) |
  South-West (SW) |  | 1.28 (0.87–1.88) | 1.00 (0.58–1.70) | 0.96 (0.43–2.17) |
Random effects (community-level) | ||||
Variance (SE) 95%CI | 0.49 (0.05) 0.41,0.60 | 0.30 (0.05) 0.22, 0.42 | ||
PCV | Ref. | 38.78% | ||
MOR | 1.95 | 1.68 | ||