Table 3 Sample Characteristics of child age 0-35 months according to background characteristics in Bihar
| Â | NFHS 1 | N | NFHS 2 | N | NFHS 3 | N | NFHS 4 | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child HAZ [mean (SD)] | −2.36 (0.05) | 1821 | −2.29 (0.05) | 1627 | −1.89 (0.05) | 1188 | −1.63 (0.04) | 2184 |
Age of Child in Month [mean (SD)] | 16.3(9.6) | 1821 | 16.4(10.6) | 1627 | 17.5(10.1) | 1188 | 17.7(10.1) | 2184 |
Age2 [mean (SD)] | 357.2(342.7) | 1821 | 378.5(376.0) | 1627 | 405.5(367) | 1188 | 414.7(373.7) | 2184 |
Child Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 49.5 | 902 | 52.1 | 847 | 53.5 | 635 | 51.8 | 1131 |
 Female | 50.5 | 919 | 47.9 | 779 | 46.6 | 553 | 48.2 | 1053 |
Birth Size | ||||||||
 Normal | 71.9 | 1309 | 69.5 | 1130 | 47.2 | 561 | 69.34 | 1514 |
 Average and above | 11.0 | 200 | 14.5 | 236 | 31.5 | 374 | 17.42 | 380 |
 Small | 17.1 | 312 | 16.1 | 261 | 21.3 | 253 | 13.24 | 289 |
Early Breastfeeding | ||||||||
 No | 98.2 | 1766 | 95.6 | 1406 | 97.4 | 1146 | 63.4 | 1151 |
 Yes | 1.8 | 30 | 4.4 | 65 | 2.6 | 31 | 36.6 | 665 |
 No. of Siblings [mean (SD)] | 1.88(1.7) | 1821 | 1.96(1.8) | 1627 | 2.06(1.9) | 1188 | 1.62(1.4) | 2184 |
Benefitted ICDS services | ||||||||
 No | – |  | – |  | 92.1 | 1094 | 39.0 | 853 |
 Yes | – |  | – |  | 7.9 | 94 | 61.0 | 1331 |
Mother’s Characteristics | ||||||||
 Institutional Delivery |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 87.6 | 1594 | 84.9 | 1382 | 77.98 | 924 | 30.8 | 673 |
 Yes | 12.4 | 227 | 15.1 | 245 | 22.02 | 262 | 69.2 | 1511 |
 Age of mother at first birth [mean (SD)] | 18.55(2.9) | 1821 | 18.28(2.8) | 1627 | 18.51(3.0) | 1188 | 20.42(3.1) | 2184 |
 BMI of mother [mean (SD)] | – |  | 19.34(2.5) | 1627 | 19.30(2.6) | 1188 | 20.06(3.2) | 2184 |
Mother’s anaemia | ||||||||
 No | – |  | 71.1 | 1156 | 73.1 | 849 | 65.84 | 1438 |
 Yes | – |  | 28.9 | 470 | 26.9 | 313 | 34.16 | 746 |
 Mother’s height in cm [mean (SD)] | – |  | 149.6(5.4) | 1627 | 150.0(5.4) | 1188 | 149.5(5.8) | 2184 |
 Mother’s Education (mean) | 2.02(4.0) | 1821 | 2.01(3.8) | 1627 | 2.93(4.5) | 1188 | 3.98(4.9) | 2184 |
Working mother | ||||||||
 No | 78.1 | 1422 | 80.6 | 1306 | 79.9 | 950 | 89.2 | 1964 |
 Yes | 21.9 | 399 | 19.7 | 321 | 20.1 | 238 | 10.2 | 220 |
 Media exposure (range) | 0.47 (0-3) | 1821 | 0.43 (0-3) | 1627 | 0.60 (0-3) | 1627 | 1.31(0-3) | 2184 |
Religion | ||||||||
 Hindu | 78.2 | 1424 | 82.4 | 1340 | 81.6 | 969 | 79.2 | 1731 |
 Muslim/Others | 21.8 | 397 | 17.6 | 287 | 18.4 | 219 | 20.8 | 453 |
Caste | ||||||||
 SC | 9.3 | 169 | 23.7 | 386 | 19.6 | 233 | 19.9 | 433 |
 ST | 8.5 | 156 | 1.3 | 21 | 0.9 | 10 | 3.7 | 81 |
 Others | 82.2 | 1496 | 75.0 | 1220 | 79.6 | 945 | 76.4 | 1670 |
Wealth index | ||||||||
 Poorest | 20.5 | 373 | 18.2 | 369 | 31.7 | 376 | 55.5 | 1217 |
 Poorer | 25.9 | 471 | 20.4 | 414 | 33.3 | 396 | 24.8 | 539 |
 Middle | 16.9 | 308 | 23.3 | 472 | 16.6 | 197 | 11.6 | 251 |
 Richer | 13.8 | 252 | 23.2 | 471 | 12.5 | 149 | 6.3 | 137 |
 Richest | 22.9 | 417 | 14.9 | 303 | 5.8 | 69 | 1.8 | 39 |
Place of residence | ||||||||
 Urban | 13.1 | 238 | 6.2 | 101 | 11.1 | 132 | 10.8 | 236 |
 Rural | 86.9 | 1583 | 93.8 | 1526 | 88.9 | 1056 | 89.2 | 1948 |
 Total | 100.0 | 1821 | 100.0 | 1627 | 100.0 | 1188 | 100.0 | 2184 |