Deciphering disparities in childhood stunting in an underdeveloped state of India: an investigation applying the unconditional quantile regression method

Ghosh, Saswata; Sharma, Santosh Kumar; Bhattacharya, Debarshi

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09559-8

Table 11 Oaxaca Blinder decomposition of HAZ scores of NFHS 3 and NFHS 4 in Bihar

From: Deciphering disparities in childhood stunting in an underdeveloped state of India: an investigation applying the unconditional quantile regression method

	Covariate effect					Coefficient effect
	10	25	50	75	90	10	25	50	75	90
Aggregate effect
Child age in months	−0.106***	− 0.263***	−1.026***	− 0.509***	− 0.608***	− 0.781**	− 0.069	3.122***	− 0.519	1.593***
(%)	−35.2	25.4	40.1	−11.9	− 69.5	− 5236.4	−20.7	230.8	41.6	−530.1
Age2	0.022	0.111*	0.503***	0.388***	0.493***	0.551**	0.195	−0.537	0.075	− 0.973***
(%)	7.3	−10.7	−19.7	9.1	56.4	3694.6	58.8	−39.7	−6.0	324.0
Female	− 0.001	− 0.005	− 0.026	0.008	− 0.006	0.124***	0.096	− 0.314***	0.133*	0.001
(%)	−0.4	0.5	1.0	0.2	−0.7	829.3	29.1	−23.2	− 10.7	−0.4
Birth Size
Normal
Average and above	0.006	−0.028*	− 0.009	− 0.009	− 0.040**	0.014	0.074**	0.043	0.074**	0.100**
(%)	2.0	2.7	0.4	−0.2	−4.6	96.6	22.4	3.2	−6.0	−33.3
Small	−0.038***	−0.118***	− 0.195***	− 0.052***	0.041**	0.011	0.112***	0.195***	0.084***	0.003
(%)	−12.7	11.3	7.6	−1.2	4.7	72.5	33.8	14.4	−6.8	− 1.1
Early Breastfeeding (Yes)	0.231**	0.109	−0.167	0.615***	0.068	0.192**	0.022	−0.069	0.411***	0.069
(%)	76.7	−10.5	6.5	14.4	7.7	1287.5	6.7	−5.1	−33.0	−23.1
No. of Siblings	−0.071***	−0.069***	− 0.146***	−0.013	− 0.030*	0.066	0.179**	0.530***	−0.001	0.034
(%)	−23.6	6.7	5.7	−0.3	−3.4	441.6	54.0	39.2	0.1	−11.5
Benefitted ICDS services	0.381***	0.483**	0.653	0.660***	1.121***	0.252*	0.239	0.374	0.392**	0.522**
(%)	126.4	−46.5	−25.5	15.4	128.2	1687.2	72.0	27.6	−31.4	−173.6
Mother’s Characteristics
Institutional Delivery (yes)	−0.034	− 0.802***	−1.317***	0.392***	0.086	0.062	−0.694***	−1.364***	0.253	0.082
(%)	−11.4	77.3	51.4	9.2	9.8	415.8	−209.5	−100.8	−20.3	−27.3
Age of mother at first birth	0.152***	−0.013	− 0.077	0.295***	−0.009	1.340***	−0.136	− 0.607	2.734***	1.166
(%)	50.3	1.2	3.0	6.9	−1.0	8980.2	−40.9	−44.9	− 219.3	−388.1
BMI of mother	0.021	−0.068**	− 0.311***	− 0.080***	−0.033	1.470**	0.219	−3.125***	−0.435	0.173
(%)	7.1	6.6	12.1	−1.9	−3.8	9850.3	65.9	−231.0	34.9	−57.5
Mother’s anaemia
Yes	−0.020**	0.044***	0.184***	−0.050***	− 0.030*	− 0.006	− 0.169*	−0.653***	0.195*	0.091
(%)	−6.8	−4.3	−7.2	−1.2	−3.4	−37.6	−51.0	− 48.3	− 15.7	− 30.2
Mother’s height	− 0.006	− 0.012	− 0.027	−0.003	− 0.008	2.556	−2.430	−12.737***	7.506***	0.629
(%)	−1.8	1.2	1.0	−0.1	− 0.9	17,128.9	− 732.9	− 941.6	− 601.9	− 209.3
Mother’s Education	0.099***	0.124***	0.227***	0.100***	−0.101***	0.229***	0.265***	0.417***	0.004	−0.141
(%)	33.0	−12.0	−8.9	2.3	−11.5	1533.2	79.9	30.8	−0.3	47.1
Working mother	0.089***	0.128***	− 0.026	0.019	−0.008	0.382*	0.554**	−0.260	−0.013	0.157
(%)	29.6	−12.3	1.0	0.4	−0.9	2558.2	167.1	−19.2	1.1	−52.2
Empowerment	0.018	−0.008	0.041	0.057***	−0.070***	− 0.001	0.001	− 0.003	− 0.006	0.002
(%)	6.0	0.8	−1.6	1.3	−8.0	− 8.7	0.2	−0.2	0.5	−0.6
Media exposure	0.137**	0.144	−0.013	0.310***	0.088	0.092	0.114	−0.006	0.334***	0.084
(%)	45.3	−13.9	0.5	7.2	10.1	618.9	34.3	−0.4	−26.8	−28.0
Religion
Hindu
Muslim/Others	−0.018*	0.011	0.019	−0.055**	− 0.035*	0.115**	−0.082	− 0.128	0.245***	0.125*
(%)	−5.9	−1.0	−0.7	−1.3	−4.0	770.7	− 24.7	−9.5	−19.7	−41.6
Caste
SC
ST	−2.036***	−1.713***	−3.193***	0.831**	0.058	−1.150***	−1.044***	− 1.970***	0.470*	0.002
(%)	−674.7	165.1	124.7	19.4	6.7	− 7705.5	− 315.1	− 145.6	− 37.7	− 0.7
Others	1.510***	0.968	2.434	1.425**	−0.138	−0.256***	− 0.159	−0.414	− 0.254**	0.012
(%)	500.6	−93.3	−95.1	33.3	−15.8	− 1714.8	−48.1	−30.6	20.4	− 4.1
Wealth index	−0.039**	−0.055**	− 0.110**	−0.056***	0.020	0.355***	0.328**	0.801**	0.271*	−0.155
(%)	−12.9	5.3	4.3	−1.3	2.3	2381.6	98.9	59.2	−21.7	51.7
Place of residence
Urban
Rural	0.004	−0.005	0.020	0.008	0.014	0.076	− 0.246	0.906**	0.163	0.816***
(%)	1.2	0.5	−0.8	0.2	1.6	510.8	−74.3	66.9	−13.1	− 271.5
Constant						−5.678**	2.965	17.154**	− 13.367***	−4.692
Residuals	− 0.507	1.099	2.728	− 4.015	−0.846	− 0.258	− 0.754	−1.831	0.601	− 0.262
Total	0.302	−1.037	−2.560	4.281***	0.874	0.015	0.332	1.353	−1.247***	−0.300

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; Source: Computed by the authors from unit-level data of NFHS 3 and NFHS 4

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