Fig. 1

Crude mortality rate and age at death by food insecurity status. Crude mortality rate per 10,000 person-years (blue bars; N = 354,000 person-years) was obtained by dividing observed number of pre-65 deaths by number of person-years traced for each food insecurity level in the full sample. Mean age at death (orange dots; N = 2075 persons) was computed for each food insecurity level by taking the average age at death among those with observed deaths before 65 by 2017