Table 1 Results of the quality analysis of papers. Table displays results from quality analysis, using WOE approach, of papers meeting the systematic review criteria.

Densley, JA et al. 2015

We’ll show you gang’: The subterranean structuration of gang life in London

M

M

H

M

Hansen, K. 2003

Education and the Crime-Age Profile

M

L

M

L

Alleyne, E et al. 2014

Denying humanness to victims: How gang members justify violent behavior.

H

M

M

M

Smith, D. 2007

An investigation into causal links between victimization and offending in adolescents.

H

M

M

M

Nasr, IN et al. 2010

Gender inequality in the risk of violence: material deprivation is linked to higher risk for adolescent girls.

H

M

L

M

Hayden, C. 2010

Offending behaviour in care: is children’s residential care a ‘criminogenic’ environment?

H

M

M

M

Falshaw, L et al. 1997

Adverse childhood experiences and violent acts of young people in secure accommodation

H

M

M

M

Alleyne, E et al. 2016

Psychological and behavioural characteristics that distinguish street gang members in custody

H

M

M

M

Bailey, S et al. 2006

The social background and nature of “children” who perpetrate violent crimes: A UK perspective.

H

M

L

M

Wood, JL et al. 2017

Differentiating Gang Members, Gang Affiliates, and Violent Men on Their Psychiatric Morbidity and Traumatic Experiences.

H

H

M

H

Barlas, J et al. 2006

Weapons carrying in British teenagers: The role of personality, delinquency, sensational interests, and mating effort.

H

H

H

H

Briggs, D. 2010

‘True stories from bare times on road’: Developing empowerment, identity and social capital among urban minority ethnic young people in London, UK.

H

M

M

M

Densley, J et al. 2011

Ganging up on gangs: Why the gang intervention industry needs an intervention.

H

H

H

H

Alleyne, E et al. 2010

Gang involvement: psychological and behavioral characteristics of gang members, peripheral youth, and nongang youth.

H

H

H

H