Community health workers impact on maternal and child health outcomes in rural South Africa – a non-randomized two-group comparison study

Table 2 Maternal outcomes at 6-months grouped by intervention and comparison groups

	Intervention (n = 565)		Comparison (n = 577)		Estimated Mean Difference Intervention vs. Comparison
Depression	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Difference^a	95% CI
EPDS score^**	4.5	5.0	5.3	5.4	−0.9^c,d,††	(−1.7, − 0.2)
Median [range] ^**	3 [0–33]		4 [0–26]
					Estimated Odds Ratio Intervention vs. Comparison
Depression	n	%	n	%	OR^b	95% CI
EPDS score > 13^**	30	6.3	47	9.9	0.5^c,e	(0.3, 1.1)
EPDS score ≥ 18	14	2.9	18	3.8	0.6 ^c,e	(0.2, 1.8)

Multivariate models controlled for: maternal HIV status, access to electricity and safe water, and grant income above 2000 ZAR
^* p-value < 0.1,^{, **} p-value < 0.05, (t-tests or χ² tests).^† p-value < 0.1, ^†† p-value < 0.05, for regression analyses
^a Mixed-effects linear regression for continuous outcomes. ^b Mixed-effects logistic regression for binary outcomes
^c Random-intercept for mother
^d Random-slope for time using unstructured covariance
^e Random-slope for time using identity covariance structure

ISSN: 1471-2458