Table 2 Conceptual framework for sustainability evaluation and operationalization of key variables
Domain | Constructs | Operationalization | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|
Determinants of sustainability | Program/project-specific factors | ● Clear goals ● Perceived effectiveness ● Financing ● Training ● Evaluation/assessment ● Leadership | ● Interviews and focus groups ○ Bangladesh: 24 interviews, 43 focus group participants (7 groups) ○ Vietnam: 121 interviews, 30 focus group participants (6 groups) |
Organizational factors | ● Local-level modifiability ● Donor/Initiative- client/−community interactions ● Project champion ● Integration with institutions ● Institutional strength/capacities | ||
Contextual factors | ● Concurrent projects/activities ● Community characteristics ● Political, economic and cultural characteristics | ||
Outcomes of sustainability | Continuation of program activities | ● Dose and reach of program ● Adherence to program standards/guidelines | ● Interviews and focus groups ○ Bangladesh: 24 interviews, 43 focus group participants (7 groups) ○ Vietnam: 121 interviews, 30 focus group participants (6 groups) ● Service observation ○ Bangladesh: 242 observations ○ Vietnam: 58 observations |
Capacity | ● Knowledge ● Self-efficacy, job satisfaction | ● Health worker surveys ○ Bangladesh: 600 surveys ○ Vietnam: 68 surveys |