Table 1 Frequencies of socio-demographic factors, cohort effect, health-related factors, CWP, CMDs, SA, DP, unemployment, and mortality among 7884 twins and 162 (324 individuals) twin pairs discordant for exposure
Whole sample | Discordant co-twins | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Among those with CWP and/or CMDs | Among those without CWP and CMDs | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
N | 7884 (100) | 162 (100) | 162 (100) |
Cohort | |||
SALT | 5072 (64.3) | 102 (63.0) | 102 (63.0) |
STAGE | 2812 (35.7) | 60 (37.0) | 60 (37.0) |
Sick-leave days | |||
< 90 days | 6338 (80.4) | 128 (79.0) | 123 (75.9) |
90–180 days | 957 (12.1) | 19 (11.7) | 22 (13.6) |
> 180 days | 589 (7.5) | 15 (9.3) | 17 (10.5) |
Sex | |||
Men | 2790 (35.4) | 32 (19.8) | 46 (28.4) |
Women | 5094 (64.6) | 130 (80.3) | 116 (71.6) |
Age (Mean, SD) | 46.8 (10.5) | 46.2 (9.7) | 46.2 (9.7) |
Zygosity | |||
Monozygotic | 2298 (29.2) | 71 (43.8) | 71 (43.8) |
Dizygotic same sex | 2715 (34.4) | 51 (31.5) | 51 (31.5) |
Dizygotic opposite sex | 2727 (34.6) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (1.2) |
Unknown zygosity | 144 (1.8) | 38 (23.5) | 38 (23.5) |
Education | |||
Elementary | 1647 (20.9) | 32 (19.8) | 24 (14.8) |
Secondary | 4140 (52.5) | 90 (55.6) | 98 (60.5) |
Higher education | 2093 (26.6) | 40 (24.7) | 40 (24.7) |
Missing | 4 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Children < 18 living at home | 3048 (38.7) | 70 (43.2) | 71 (43.8) |
Type of living area | |||
Urban | 4110 (52.1) | 72 (44.4) | 72 (44.4) |
Semi-urban/Rural | 3771 (47.8) | 90 (55.6) | 90 (55.6) |
Missing | 3 (0.04) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Self-rated health | |||
Excellent | 1740 (22.1) | 26 (16.1) | 34 (21.0) |
Good | 1888 (24.0) | 36 (22.2) | 32 (19.8) |
Moderate | 654 (8.3) | 20 (12.4) | 18 (11.1) |
Fairly poor/poor | 1343 (17.0) | 26 (16.1) | 25 (15.4) |
Missing | 2259 (28.7) | 54 (33.3) | 53 (32.7) |
Pain | |||
Back | 2220 (28.2) | 52 (32.1) | 46 (28.4) |
Neck | 729 (9.3) | 29 (17.9) | 20 (12.4) |
Shoulder | 1416 (18.0) | 46 (28.4) | 30 (18.5) |
Headache | 1999 (25.4) | 56 (34.6) | 46 (28.4) |
Migraine | 856 (10.9) | 27 (16.7) | 24 (14.8) |
Cancer | 260 (3.3) | 4 (2.5) | 7 (3.2) |
CWP and/or CMDs | |||
No CWP and CMDs | 6447 (81.8) | 0 (0) | 162 (100) |
Having CWP but no CMDs | 374 (4.7) | 40 (24.7) | 0 (0) |
No CWP but having CMDs | 947 (12.0) | 107 (66.1) | 0 (0) |
Having both CWP and CMDs | 116 (1.5) | 15 (9.3) | 0 (0) |
Outcomes | |||
Disability pension | 1242 (15.8) | 35 (21.6) | 25 (15.4) |
Unemployment (> 90 days) | 1447 (18.4) | 34 (21.0) | 33 (20.4) |
All-cause mortality | 417 (5.3) | 11 (6.8) | 2 (1.2) |