The burden of disease and the cost of illness attributable to child maltreatment in Japan: long-term health consequences largely matter

Table 3 Lifetime costs attributable to child abuse for the first time in 2016

Items of the costs (USD, million)		95% CI		%
Direct costs (Medical costs)	8930.6	6502.1	11,674.4	17.8%
Short-term (AHT)	4.9	3.8	6.0	0.0%
Long-term (other diseases)	8925.7	6498.3	11,668.5	17.8%
Indirect costs	41,305.7	30,965.5	52,429.2	82.2%
Abuse death ^a (Productivity losses)	468.2	234.1	702.3	0.9%
Survival AHT (DALYs) ^b	721.0	719.0	727.0	1.4%
Long-term loss of other diseases ^b	40,116.4	30,012.4	50,999.8	79.9%
Total costs	50,236.3	37,467.7	64,103.6	1.3 million GDP per capita

AHT Abusive head trauma
^a: we used 0.5–1.5 times of base line data for range costs of child abuse
^b: Costs of suffering and pain: DALYs converted into monetary value by multiplying a gross domestic product per capita

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