Table 4 Evidences on supply chain management of immunization service in Ethiopia
S.N | Authors | Design | Sample | Topic | Study area | Major findings | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Y. BERHANE (2000) | Institution based cross-sectional survey | 67 health institutions providing static vaccination services | Cold chain status at immunization centers in Ethiopia | Addis Ababa city, and Hadiya Zones of southern Ethiopia | • Thermometer was not available in 6.3% • Vaccine storage in the refrigerator was not proper in 73.4% centers • Majority of the centers had neither trained personnel nor budget for maintenance of the cold chain | • Improving the maintenance conditions of refrigerators and • Introduction of cold chain monitoring devises are recommended |
2 | EPHI (2012) | Cross sectional survey | 585 government-run health facilities | Ethiopian national immunization coverage survey | National | • 45.2% of health posts and 2.1% of health centers, reported absence of vaccine refrigerator • 38.6% of health posts and 43.6% of health centers experienced stock-outs | • Proper vaccine stock management is required |
3 | Roqie p (2012) | Institution based cross-sectional study | 116 health facilities | Assessment of cold chain status for immunization in central Ethiopia. | Three districts (woredas) of Oromiya, SNNP and Amhara Regions | • Only 19% had functional refrigerators • Complete temperature recording of the last month was observed in 59.1% • Vaccine storage in the refrigerator was not proper in 54.5% facilities • 56% health workers had satisfactory knowledge on cold chain management | • There is an urgent need to improve knowledge and practice on cold chain management through improved supervision and training. |
4 | Bedasa Woldemichael 2013 | Institution based cross-sectional study | 183 health facilities | Cold Chain Status and Knowledge of Vaccine Providers at Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia: | Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia | • Only 31% health facilities had refrigerator • In 83% refrigerators thermometer was within the standard range | • There were gap in maintaining cold chain system and improper storage of vaccine were observed at study area |
5 | JSI L10k (2015) | Cross-sectional household and facility surveys | Selected health facilities | Extended Program on Immunization (EPI) coverage in selected Ethiopian zones: A baseline survey | Seven Zones, Ethiopia | • Almost all HCs and one-third of HPs had at least one refrigerator • Refrigerators were not functional in 32% health centers and 71% of HPs • 67% health centers and 40% health posts experienced shortage of vaccines | • In a significant proportion of facilities, cold chain management was suboptimal • Operational research to guide implementation |
6 | EPHI (2016) | Cross sectional | 705 Health facilities | SARA, Ethiopia | National | • Refrigerators and cold boxes were available in 31 and 71% of HFs | • Low cold chain equipment’s |