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Table 3 Generalized ordinal logistic regression result of multiple healthy behaviors by living arrangement

From: Factors associated with different numbers of health behaviors by living arrangements

Variables

Living with others (n = 13,599)

Living alone (n = 1485)

Numbers of healthy behaviors

Numbers of healthy behaviors

0 vs 1,2,3

0,1 vs 2,3

0,1,2 vs 3

0 vs 1,2,3

0,1 vs 2,3

0,1,2 vs 3

Health-related characteristics

 Self-rated health status (ref. Fair)

  Very poor

0.99 (0.62–1.59)

1.42 (1.10–1.84)**

1.21 (0.98–1.50)

1.15 (0.43–3.10)

1.34 (0.79–2.28)

1.20 (0.80–1.82)

  Poor

0.77 (0.62–0.96)*

0.93 (0.82–1.05)

1.13 (1.01–1.27)*

1.40 (0.77–2.55)

0.87 (0.62–1.21)

0.79 (0.57–1.10)

  Good

1.37 (1.14–1.64)**

1.24 (1.12–1.37)***

1.04 (0.95–1.15)

1.67 (0.92–3.00)

1.16 (0.83–1.63)

0.99 (0.70–1.39)

  Very good

1.20 (0.85–1.68)

1.08 (0.90–1.31)

1.08 (0.88–1.31)

1.69 (0.61–4.70)

2.03 (1.04–3.97)*

1.26 (0.67–2.36)

 BMI (ref. Normal)

  Underweight

0.82 (0.54–1.24)

0.70 (0.56–0.83)***

0.85 (0.70–1.04)

7.09 (0.93–53.80)

1.10 (0.55–2.22)

0.68 (0.30–1.52)

  Overweight

1.59 (1.35–1.87)***

1.41 (1.29–1.54)***

1.37 (1.26–1.49)***

2.39 (1.42–4.01)**

1.46 (1.11–1.92)**

1.38 (1.07–1.77)*

 Diagnosis of chronic diseasesa (ref. No)

  Yes

1.38 (1.18–1.61)***

1.25 (1.14–1.36)***

1.14 (1.04–1.24)**

1.47 (0.92–2.36)

1.22 (0.91–1.64)

1.27 (0.92–1.74)

 Diagnosis of depressiona (ref. No)

  Yes

1.05 (0.63–1.73)

0.94 (0.76–1.18)

1.13 (0.95–1.36)

1.03 (0.42–2.56)

1.55 (0.93–2.57)

1.36 (0.90–2.07)

 Stressa (ref. Low)

  High

0.81 (0.69–0.96)*

0.76 (0.69–0.83)***

0.82 (0.74–0.90)***

0.93 (0.56–1.55)

1.00 (0.74–1.34)

0.84 (0.63–1.13)

 Sleep duration per day (ref. 6–8 h)

   ≤ 5 h

1.06 (0.85–1.32)

0.87 (0.77–0.98)*

1.01 (0.90–1.12)

0.70 (0.40–1.20)

0.74 (0.55–0.99)*

0.89 (0.67–1.18)

   ≥ 9 h

0.77 (0.58–1.02)

0.82 (0.70–0.96)*

0.87 (0.74–1.02)

0.96 (0.33–2.84)

1.06 (0.63–1.79)

0.84 (0.52–1.34)

  1. Note: An unweighted sample was used for the generalized ordinal logistic regression. The missing data was less than 5% and non-responses were excluded from the analysis. Values are adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Numbers in bold indicate significant value
  2. BMI Body mass index
  3. aDichotomized variables
  4. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001