From: Factors associated with different numbers of health behaviors by living arrangements
Variables | Living with others (n = 13,599) | Living alone (n = 1485) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numbers of healthy behaviors | Numbers of healthy behaviors | |||||
0 vs 1,2,3 | 0,1 vs 2,3 | 0,1,2 vs 3 | 0 vs 1,2,3 | 0,1 vs 2,3 | 0,1,2 vs 3 | |
Health-related characteristics | ||||||
 Self-rated health status (ref. Fair) | ||||||
  Very poor | 0.99 (0.62–1.59) | 1.42 (1.10–1.84)** | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 1.15 (0.43–3.10) | 1.34 (0.79–2.28) | 1.20 (0.80–1.82) |
  Poor | 0.77 (0.62–0.96)* | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 1.13 (1.01–1.27)* | 1.40 (0.77–2.55) | 0.87 (0.62–1.21) | 0.79 (0.57–1.10) |
  Good | 1.37 (1.14–1.64)** | 1.24 (1.12–1.37)*** | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) | 1.67 (0.92–3.00) | 1.16 (0.83–1.63) | 0.99 (0.70–1.39) |
  Very good | 1.20 (0.85–1.68) | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) | 1.08 (0.88–1.31) | 1.69 (0.61–4.70) | 2.03 (1.04–3.97)* | 1.26 (0.67–2.36) |
 BMI (ref. Normal) | ||||||
  Underweight | 0.82 (0.54–1.24) | 0.70 (0.56–0.83)*** | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) | 7.09 (0.93–53.80) | 1.10 (0.55–2.22) | 0.68 (0.30–1.52) |
  Overweight | 1.59 (1.35–1.87)*** | 1.41 (1.29–1.54)*** | 1.37 (1.26–1.49)*** | 2.39 (1.42–4.01)** | 1.46 (1.11–1.92)** | 1.38 (1.07–1.77)* |
 Diagnosis of chronic diseasesa (ref. No) | ||||||
  Yes | 1.38 (1.18–1.61)*** | 1.25 (1.14–1.36)*** | 1.14 (1.04–1.24)** | 1.47 (0.92–2.36) | 1.22 (0.91–1.64) | 1.27 (0.92–1.74) |
 Diagnosis of depressiona (ref. No) | ||||||
  Yes | 1.05 (0.63–1.73) | 0.94 (0.76–1.18) | 1.13 (0.95–1.36) | 1.03 (0.42–2.56) | 1.55 (0.93–2.57) | 1.36 (0.90–2.07) |
 Stressa (ref. Low) | ||||||
  High | 0.81 (0.69–0.96)* | 0.76 (0.69–0.83)*** | 0.82 (0.74–0.90)*** | 0.93 (0.56–1.55) | 1.00 (0.74–1.34) | 0.84 (0.63–1.13) |
 Sleep duration per day (ref. 6–8 h) | ||||||
   ≤ 5 h | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 0.87 (0.77–0.98)* | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) | 0.70 (0.40–1.20) | 0.74 (0.55–0.99)* | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) |
   ≥ 9 h | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.82 (0.70–0.96)* | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.96 (0.33–2.84) | 1.06 (0.63–1.79) | 0.84 (0.52–1.34) |