From: Evaluating real-time momentary stress and affect in police officers using a smartphone application
Variables | Momentary PA | Momentary NA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within-person (Level 1) | Between-person (Level 2) | Within-person (Level 1) | Between-person (Level 2) | |||||
Coef. (SE) | p | Coef. (SE) | p | Coef. (SE) | p | Coef. (SE) | p | |
Stress factors (by TICS) | ||||||||
Work overload | .25 (.14) | .064 | .33 (.16) | .037 | .04 (.21) | .866 | −.35 (.26) | .177 |
Social overload | −.37 (.14) | .011 | −.20 (.16) | .208 | .09 (.22) | .703 | −.13 (.26) | .632 |
Excessive demands at work | −.21 (.15) | .172 | −.11 (.18) | .523 | .37 (.24) | .117 | .32 (.29) | .272 |
Lack of social recognition | −.12 (.20) | .538 | .23 (.23) | .316 | 1.74 (.31) | < .001 | 2.33 (.37) | < .001 |
Work discontent | −.45 (.14) | .002 | −.73 (.16) | < .001 | 1.59 (.22) | < .001 | 1.88 (.26) | < .001 |
Social tension | −.79 (.16) | < .001 | −.67 (.18) | < .001 | 1.74 (.25) | < .001 | 2.92 (.29) | < .001 |
Pressure to perform | −.29 (.14) | .039 | −.49 (.14) | < .001 | .78 (.22) | < .001 | 1.92 (.22) | < .001 |
Social isolation | .48 (.10) | < .001 | .31 (.10) | .002 | .10 (.15) | .519 | .24 (.16) | .138 |
Context With whom (ref. being alone) | ||||||||
Colleagues | .62 (.42) | .142 | .49 (.51) | .347 | −1.43 (.66) | .029 | −.49 (.83) | .556 |
Boss | .22 (.46) | .636 | −.53 (.56) | .344 | −.58 (.72) | .424 | −.12 (.91) | .896 |
Civilians | .69 (1.22) | .576 | 1.34 (1.48) | .362 | 1.50 (1.89) | .429 | 1.94 (2.41) | .423 |
Family | .71 (.24) | .003 | .92 (.27) | .001 | −1.38 (.37) | < .001 | −2.66 (.44) | < .001 |
Friends | 1.89 (.40) | < .001 | 2.45 (.47) | < .001 | −1.78 (.63) | .004 | −2.45 (.77) | .001 |
Location (ref. police station) | ||||||||
Working outside | −.14 (.34) | .684 | −.40 (.40) | .316 | −.47 (.52) | .365 | .09 (.65) | .892 |
Home or other | 1.01 (.51) | .048 | .86 (.61) | .160 | −1.18 (.79) | .134 | − 1.36 (1.00) | .172 |
Type of task (ref. administration) | ||||||||
Patrolling or investigating | −.54 (.42) | .202 | −1.13 (.49) | .020 | −.21 (.66) | .753 | -.64 (.80) | .414 |
Resting or other | .00 (.60) | .998 | −1.17 (.71) | .100 | −.73 (.93) | .432 | 1.02 (1.16) | .378 |