Is adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines associated with a reduced risk of adiposity among children and adolescents?

Table 3 Odds of excess adiposity in adolescents who met different numbers and specific combinations of recommendations within the 24-hour movement guidelines (n = 324)

	Adherence	BMI z-score > 1 SD			>85th percentile of FM%			>85th percentile of VAT
	%	OR	(95% CI)	p-value	OR	(95% CI)	p-value	OR	(95% CI)	p-value
Number of recommendations
None	36.4	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
One	47.2	0.51	(0.27–0.96)	0.042	0.49	(0.23–1.03)	0.059	0.39	(0.19–0.81)	0.012
Two	14.2	0.33	(0.11–0.94)	0.039	0.69	(0.25–1.88)	0.468	0.25	(0.07–0.90)	0.034
Three	2.2	1.27	(0.23–7.16)	0.787	0.77	(0.09–6.95)	0.813	0.25	(0.07–5.88)	0.704
Combinations of recommendations
Did not meet any recommendation	36.4	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
PA only	6.8	0.67	(0.20–2.22)	0.510	0.23	(0.03–1.79)	0.158	0.18	(0.02–1.39)	0.100
ST only	26.2	0.38	(0.17–0.89)	0.025	0.34	(0.13–0.93)	0.035	0.27	(0.10–0.74)	0.010
SL only	14.2	0.63	(0.26–1.57)	0.325	0.90	(0.34–2.34)	0.824	0,72	(0.28–1.86)	0.500
PA + ST	4.9	0.34	(0.07–1.65)	0.179	0.59	(0.12–2.88)	0.514	0.22	(0.03–1.79)	0.157
PA + SL	2.5	1.56	(0.27–8.85)	0.618	2.15	(0.38–12.23)	0.387	1.79	(0.32–10.10)	0.510
ST + SL	6.8	0.11	(0.01–0.89)	0.039	0.42	(0.09–2.01)	0.281	NA
PA + ST + SL	2.2	1.20	(0.21–6.79)	0.836	0.72	(0.08–6.58)	0.774	0.62	(0.07–5.59)	0.668

BMI – body mass index, CI – confidence interval, FM% – fat mass percentage, OR – odds ratio, PA – physical activity, Ref – reference group, SD – standard deviation, ST – screen time, SL – sleep, VAT – visceral adiposity tissue
NA, not applicable – indicating insufficient sample size for estimation
The model was adjusted for sex, age, birth weight, maternal obesity, and unhealthy diet
Adolescents with ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, < 2 h/day of recreational ST, and uninterrupted sleep for 8–10 h/day were considered to meet the overall 24-hour movement guidelines

ISSN: 1471-2458