Effect of public hospital managers’ risk and gain perception on their attitude towards physician dual practice: a cross-national study in 31 provinces of China

Table 5 Multivariate analysis of determinants of managers’ support for physician dual practice by generalised linear mixed model (n = 1513)

Variables	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
	OR	95% CI		P	OR	95% CI		P	OR	95% CI		P
	OR	Lower	Upper	P	OR	Lower	Upper	P	OR	Lower	Upper	P
Risk perception	0.94	0.92	0.96	< 0.001	0.94	0.92	0.96	< 0.001	0.95	0.93	0.97	< 0.001
Gain perception	1.17	1.12	1.23	< 0.001	1.18	1.12	1.23	< 0.001	1.18	1.12	1.24	< 0.001
Demographic characteristics
Sex
Male	1.00				1.00				1.00
Female	1.40	0.85	2.32	0.187	1.59	0.88	2.86	0.122	1.69	0.91	3.15	0.098
Age (years)
≤ 40	1.00				1.00				1.00
41–50	0.48	0.24	0.96	0.038	0.41	0.17	0.97	0.042	0.44	0.18	1.09	0.076
≥ 51	0.47	0.22	1.01	0.052	0.42	0.16	1.11	0.081	0.42	0.15	1.17	0.098
Education
PhD	1.00				1.00				1.00
Master	0.83	0.24	2.86	0.769	1.26	0.34	4.64	0.726	1.70	0.44	6.56	0.444
Bachelor	0.83	0.26	2.65	0.757	1.17	0.35	3.95	0.801	1.33	0.37	4.78	0.659
Others	0.78	0.17	3.53	0.748	1.39	0.23	8.33	0.721	1.65	0.25	10.83	0.602
Work characteristics
Major
Others					1.00				1.00
Medicine					0.68	0.38	1.22	0.196	0.66	0.35	1.22	0.186
Length of service (years)
≤ 5					1.00				1.00
6–10					1.17	0.57	2.42	0.662	1.54	0.71	3.37	0.276
≥ 11					0.89	0.46	1.74	0.743	1.10	0.52	2.35	0.799
Level of manager’s position
≤ Deputy division					1.00				1.00
≥ County level					1.72	0.88	3.39	0.115	1.58	0.78	3.21	0.207
Working environment characteristics
Institutional category
Others									1.00
General hospital									0.87	0.47	1.59	0.647
Institutional level
< tertiary level									1.00
tertiary level									1.32	0.31	5.67	0.705
Institutional territory
East									1.00
Middle									0.65	0.26	1.63	0.357
West									0.69	0.26	1.79	0.440
Location
Provincial capital city									1.00
Non-provincial capital city									1.12	0.57	2.20	0.733

Model 1 included the demographical determinants of managers’ sex, age, education. Model 2 included determinants in model 1 plus managers’ major, length of service, level of managers’ position. Model 3 included determinants in model 1 and model 2 plus work environment determinants including managers’ institutional category, institutional level, institutional territory and location

ISSN: 1471-2458