Socioeconomic inequality in tobacco expenditure in Iran: a cross-sectional analysis at national and subnational levels

Table 3 Decomposition of socioeconomic inequality in TEHB^a among Iranian households, 2018

	Coefficient	Elasticity	C_x^b	Contribution to the C^c
	Coefficient	Elasticity	C_x^b	Contribution	%	Summed%
Demographic variables
Age of household head	0.001^**	1.023	0.004	0.004	−3.0	−3.0
Gender of the household head
Male (ref.)
Female	0.004^***	0.009	−0.291	−0.003	1.9	1.9
Proportion of males in the household	−0.004^**	−0.041	0.033	−0.001	0.9	0.9
Socioeconomic variables
Household size
Less than 4 (ref.)
4 and above	−0.004^**	−0.026	0.009	0.000	0.2	0.2
Education status of the household head
Illiterate	0.009^*	0.040	−0.193	−0.008	5.5	5.5
Literate (ref.)
Economic status of households
Poorest (ref.)
Poor	−0.018^*	−0.068	−0.407	0.030	−19.4
Middle	−0.023^*	−0.089	0.031	−0.003	1.9
Rich	−0.034^*	−0.129	0.445	−0.061	40.4
Richest	−0.037^*	−0.144	0.821	−0.128	83.2	106.1
Ecological variables
Geographical area
Urban (ref.)
Rural	0.013^*	0.117	0.055	0.006	−4.5	−4.5
Province category based on HDI^d
Low (ref.)
Middle	−0.011^*	−0.070	−0.027	0.002	−1.3
High	−0.019^*	−0.113	0.053	−0.006	4.2	2.9
Sum				−0.156		109.9
Residual				−0.014		−9.9
Total				−0.142		100

Note: TEHB is tobacco expenditure as the share of the household budget; C_x is the concentration index for explanatory variables; C is the concentration index for outcome variable and HDI is the human development index. ***Significant at 1%; **Significant at 5%; ^* Significant at 10%

ISSN: 1471-2458