Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the study sample by status of institutional delivery (n = 7174)
Variables with their category | Total n (%) | Institutional delivery | Chisq. (P-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No n(%) | Yes n(%) | |||
ANC use | ||||
 Less than 4 visits | 4573(63.7) | 3523(77.0) | 1050(23.0) | 1344.54 (< 0.001) |
 4 or more visits | 2601(36.3) | 862(33.1) | 1739(66.9) | |
Age at birth | ||||
 15–24 | 1913(26.7) | 1082(56.6) | 831(43.4) | 51.43 (< 0.001) |
 25–34 | 3470(48.3) | 2089(60.2) | 1381(39.8) | |
 35–49 | 1791(25) | 1214(67.8) | 577(32.2) | |
Place of residence | ||||
 Rural | 5653(78.8) | 4131(73.1) | 1522(26.9) | 1603.10 (< 0.001) |
 Urban | 1521(21.2) | 254(16.7) | 1267(83.3) | |
Educational level | ||||
 Not educated | 4346(60.6) | 3328(76.6) | 1018(23.4) | 1401.70 (< 0.001) |
 Primary | 1938(27) | 926(47.8) | 1012(52.2) | |
 Secondary | 575(8) | 110(19.1) | 575(80.9) | |
 Higher | 315(4.4) | 21(6.7) | 294(93.3) | |
Sex of household head | ||||
 Female | 1588(22.1) | 902(56.8) | 686(43.2) | 16.04 (< 0.001) |
 Male | 5586(77.9) | 3483(62.4) | 2103(37.6) | |
Parity | ||||
 First | 1379(19.2) | 566(41.0) | 813(59.0) | 477.36 (< 0.001) |
 2–4 | 3170(44.2) | 1836(57.9) | 1334(42.1) | |
  5+ | 2625(36.6) | 1983(75.5) | 642(24.5) | |
Birth type | ||||
 Single | 7033(98) | 4320(61.4) | 2713(38.6) | 13.66 (< 0.001) |
 Multiple | 141(2) | 65(46.1) | 76(53.9) | |
Child size | ||||
 Large | 2122(29.6) | 1191(56.1) | 931(43.9) | 42.29 (0.001) |
 Average | 2924(40.8) | 1781(60.9) | 1141(39.1) | |
 Small | 2128(29.7) | 1413(66.4) | 715(33.6) | |
Wealth index | ||||
 Poor | 3814(53.2) | 2822(74.0) | 992(26.0) | 585.03 (< 0.001) |
 Middle | 1225(17.1) | 627(51.2) | 598(48.8) | |
 Rich | 2135(29.8) | 936(43.8) | 1199(56.2) | |
Religion | ||||
 Orthodox | 2361(32.9) | 1084(45.9) | 1277(54.1) | 355.25 (< 0.001) |
 Catholic | 49(0.7) | 33(67.3) | 16(32.7) | |
 Protestant | 1336(18.6) | 888(66.5) | 448(33.5) | |
 Muslim | 3316(46.2) | 2287(69.0) | 1029(31.0) | |
 Others | 112(1.6) | 93(83.0) | 19(17.0) | |
Desire of Pregnancy | ||||
 Yes | 6714(93.6) | 4083(60.8) | 2631(39.2) | 4.24 (0.04) |
  No | 460(6.4) | 302(65.7) | 158(34.3) | |
Employment status | ||||
 Employed | 4069(56.7) | 2659(65.3) | 1410(34.7) | 70.60 (< 0.001) |
 Unemployed | 3105(43.3) | 1726(55.6) | 1379(44.4) | |
Distance to health facility | ||||
 Big problem | 4025(56.1) | 2537(63.0) | 1488(37.0) | 14.04 (< 0.001) |
 Not Big problem | 3149(43.9) | 1848(58.7) | 1301(41.3) | |
Regions | ||||
 Tigray | 764(10.6) | 266(6.1) | 498(17.9) | 1355.66 (< 0.001) |
 Afar | 645(9.0) | 556(12.7) | 89(3.2) | |
 Amhara | 763(10.6) | 539(12.3) | 224(8.0) | |
 Oromia | 1030(14.4) | 772(17.6) | 258(9.3) | |
 Somali | 803(11.2) | 642(14.6) | 161(5.8) | |
 Benishangul | 576(8.0) | 394(9.0) | 182(6.5) | |
 SNNPR | 891(12.4) | 581(13.2) | 310(11.1) | |
 Gambela | 533(7.4) | 326(7.4) | 207(7.4) | |
 Harari | 410(5.7) | 163(3.7) | 247(8.9) | |
 Addis Ababa | 375(5.2) | 15(0.3) | 360(12.9) | |
 Dire Dawa | 384(5.4) | 131(3.0) | 253(9.1) | |