Why under five children are stunted in Pakistan? A multilevel analysis of Punjab Multiple indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-2014)

Table 4 Results from random intercept model: Measures of variation Variance Partition Coefficient (VPC) and Inter Class Correlation (ICC)

Models	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
*Standard Deviation*	−2 SD	−3 SD	−2 SD	− 3 SD	−2 SD	− 3 SD	-2 SD	-3 SD
*Variance Partition Coefficient (VPC)*
VPC_hh = \( \frac{\sigma_{hh}^2}{\sigma_{distt}^2+{\sigma}_{comm}^2+{\sigma}_{hh}^2+\uppi 2/3} \)	0.22	0.21	0.37	0.41	0.38	0.40	0.38	0.42
VPC_comm = \( \frac{\sigma_{comm}^2}{\sigma_{distt}^2+{\sigma}_{comm}^2+{\sigma}_{hh}^2+\uppi 2/3} \)	0.10	0.10	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03
VPC_distt = \( \frac{\sigma_{distt}^2}{\sigma_{distt}^2+{\sigma}_{comm}^2+{\sigma}_{hh}^2+\uppi 2/3} \)	0.07	0.08	0.007	0.02	0.006	0.02	0.007	0.003
*Intra Class Correlation (ICC)*
ICC_comm = \( \frac{\sigma_{distt}^2+{\sigma}_{comm}^2}{\sigma_{distt}^2+{\sigma}_{comm}^2+{\sigma}_{hh}^2+\uppi 2/3} \)	0.17	0.19	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.03
ICC_distt = \( \frac{\sigma_{distt}^2}{\sigma_{distt}^2+{\sigma}_{comm}^2+{\sigma}_{hh}^2+\uppi 2/3} \)	0.07	0.08	0.007	0.02	0.006	0.02	0.007	0.003

Note: total variance = \( {\sigma}_{distt}^2+{\sigma}_{comm}^2+{\sigma}_{hh}^2 \) + π2/3

ISSN: 1471-2458