Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by allocation group collected from July 19, 2017 until October 10, 2017, across all 4 study sites in Landhi Town, Karachi
Intervention A: Adapted Alma Sana Bracelet (n = 482) | Intervention B: Star Bracelet (n = 482) | Control (n = 481) | Total (n = 1445) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at BCG (in weeks), m (SD) | 2.6 ± (2.4) | 2.6 ± (2.6) | 2.4 ± (2.2) | 2.5 ± (2.4) |
Enrolment Vaccine, n(%) | ||||
BCG | 217 (45.0) | 200 (41.5) | 216 (44.9) | 633 (43.8) |
Penta-1 | 265 (55.0) | 282 (58.5) | 265 (55.1) | 812 (56.2) |
Female Child, n(%) | 257 (53.3) | 237 (49.2) | 243 (50.5) | 737 (51.0) |
Age of Mother (in years), m (SD) | 26.7 ± (4.7) | 26.5 ± (4.6) | 26.5 ± (4.7) | 26.6 ± (4.6) |
Age of Father (in years), m (SD) | 31.8 ± (5.6) | 31.6 ± (5.6) | 31.9 ± (5.8) | 31.8 ± (5.7) |
Education of Father (in years), n(%) | ||||
0 years | 65 (13.5) | 57 (11.8)**** | 87 (18.1) | 209 (14.5) |
1 - 5 years | 28 (5.8) | 37 (7.7) | 35 (7.3) | 100 (6.9) |
6 - 10 years | 255 (52.9)*** | 251 (52.1)* | 218 (45.3) | 724 (50.1) |
11 – 12 years | 96 (19.9) | 77 (16.0) | 83 (17.3) | 256 (17.7) |
≥ 13 years | 38 (7.9)** | 60 (12.4) | 58 (12.0) | 156 (10.8) |
Mean years, m (SD) | 8.8 ± (4.2) | 8.9 ± (4.2) | 8.4 ± (4.7) | 8.7 + (4.4) |
Education of Mother (in years), n(%) | ||||
0 years | 86 (17.8) | 76 (15.8) | 84 (17.5) | 246 (17.0) |
1 - 5 years | 56 (11.6) | 49 (10.2) | 56 (11.6) | 161 (11.1) |
6 - 10 years | 221 (45.9) | 233 (48.3) | 219 (45.5) | 673 (46.6) |
11 - 12 years | 79 (16.4) | 83 (17.2) | 73 (15.2) | 235 (16.3) |
≥ 13 years | 40 (8.3) | 41 (8.5) | 49 (10.2) | 130 (9.0) |
Mean years, m (SD) | 7.9 ± (4.5) | 8.3 ± (4.4) | 8.1 ± (4.5) | 8.1 ± (4.5) |
Father’s Occupation, n(%) | ||||
Unskilled | 74 (15.4) | 81 (16.8) | 90 (18.7) | 245 (17.0) |
Skilled Labor | 124 (25.7) | 144 (29.8) | 135 (28.1) | 403 (27.9) |
Retail/Sales job | 84 (17.4) | 88 (18.3) | 71 (14.8) | 243 (16.8) |
Private job | 104 (21.9) | 88 (18.3) | 97 (20.2) | 289 (20.0) |
Other | 96 (19.9) | 81 (16.8) | 88 (18.3) | 265 (18.3) |
Mother’s occupation, n(%) | ||||
Housewife | 477 (99.0) | 481 (99.8) | 476 (99.0) | 1434 (99.2) |
Other | 5 (1.0) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (1.0) | 11 (0.8) |
Ethnicity, n(%) | ||||
Urdu | 289 (60.0) | 276 (57.3) | 293 (60.9) | 858 (59.4) |
Pashto | 80 (16.6) | 76 (15.8) | 86 (17.9) | 242 (16.8) |
Hindko | 51 (10.6) | 57 (11.8) | 46 (9.6) | 154 (10.7) |
Punjabi | 20 (4.2) | 28 (5.8) | 30 (6.2) | 78 (5.4) |
Sindhi | 10 (2.1) | 10 (2.1) | 8 (1.7) | 28 (1.9) |
Other | 32 (6.6)* | 35 (7.3)*** | 18 (3.7) | 85 (5.9) |
Household Income per month (USD), m (SD) | 176.8 ± (106) | 175.3 ± (78) | 173.0 ± (102) | 175.0 ± (96.0) |
Number of family members, m (SD) | 8.0 ± (4.4) | 8.2 ± (5.0) | 8.3 ± (4.9) | 8.2 ± (4.8) |
Number of live births by child’s mother, m (SD) | 2.5 ± (1.6) | 2.5 ± (1.4) | 2.6 ± (1.5) | 2.6 ± (1.5) |
Number of ANC visits by mother during last pregnancy, m (SD) | 7.2 ± (3.2) | 7.6 ± (3.2)*** | 7.1 ± (3.0) | 7.3 ± (3.1) |
Place of delivery of child, n(%) | ||||
Health Facility | 440 (91.3) | 431 (89.4) | 444 (92.3) | 1315 (91.0) |
Home | 42 (8.7) | 51 (10.6) | 37 (7.7) | 130 (9.0) |
Who delivered child, n(%) | ||||
Doctor | 430 (89.2) | 420 (87.1) | 433 (90.0) | 1283 (88.8) |
Midwife | 34 (7.1) | 47 (9.8) | 33 (6.9) | 114 (7.9) |
Nurse | 16 (3.3) | 14 (2.9) | 12 (2.5) | 42 (2.9) |
Other | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.6) | 6 (0.4) |
Child has been breastfed (Yes), n(%) | 457 (94.8) | 453 (94.0) | 455 (94.6) | 1365 (94.5) |