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Table 3 Associations of physical IPV and/or sexual victimization with mental health and substance use by region

From: Associations of physical partner violence and sexual violence victimization on health risk behaviours and mental health among university students from 25 countries

Variable

Region (prevalence of outcome variable)

AORa (95% CI)

Mental health

 Depression severe

Americas (12.8%)

2.04 (1.63, 2.55)***

Sub-Saharan Africa (12.8%)

1.32 (1.12, 1.55)***

North Africa & Central Asia (16.2%)

1.06 (0.82, 1.37)

South Asia and China (17.9%)

1.45 (0.90, 2.35)

Southeast Asia (6.8%)

1.16 (0.74, 1.83)

 Loneliness

Americas (10.6%)

1.30 (0.94, 1.80)

Sub-Saharan Africa (10.8%)

1.52 (1.17, 1.96)**

North Africa & Central Asia (12.3%)

1.03 (0.75, 1.41)

South Asia and China (12.8%)

1.43 (0.89, 2.30)

Southeast Asia (5.1%)

1.75 (0.55, 5.63

 Post-traumatic stress disorder

Americas (18.3%)

2.68 (2.00, 3.60)***

Sub-Saharan Africa (20.2%)

2.22 (2.76, 2.80)***

North Africa & Central Asia (24.7%)

1.32 (0.81, 2.14)

South Asia and China (19.4%)

2.73 (1.53, 4.94)***

Southeast Asia (16.4%)

2.80 (2.19, 3.57)***

 Sleeping problem

Americas (10.1%)

1.58 (1.27, 1.96)***

Sub-Saharan Africa (11.1%)

1.97 (1.58, 2.45)***

North Africa & Central Asia (9.9%)

1.56 (1.24, 1.97)***

South Asia and China (8.4%)

1.82 (11.0, 2.99)*

Southeast Asia (10.8%)

1.06 (0.36, 3.05)

 Short sleep

Americas (42.1%)

1.34 (1.00, 1.80)*

Sub-Saharan Africa (42.5%)

1.05 (0.82, 1.33)

North Africa & Central Asia (35.8%)

1.15 (0.75, 1.76)

South Asia and China (28.9%)

2.82 (1.18, 6.76)*

Southeast Asia (45.1%)

1.49 (0.68, 3.28)

Addictive behaviour

 Current binge drinking

Americas (27.5%)

1.27 (1.02, 1.59)*

Sub-Saharan Africa (11.6%)

1.45 (1.02, 2.07)*

North Africa & Central Asia (10.6%)

1.94 (1.38, 2.71)***

South Asia and China (2.7%)

10.41 (9.01, 13.54)***

Southeast Asia (10.6%)

2.93 (2.05, 4.17)***

 Current tobacco use

Americas (10.0%)

1.41 (1.00, 2.00)*

Sub-Saharan Africa (12.6%)

2.45 (1.52, 3.97)***

North Africa & Central Asia (23.4%)

2.87 (2.33, 3.54)***

South Asia and China (7.5%)

6.88 (3.11, 15.20)***

Southeast Asia (6.0%)

2.30 (1.03, 5.16)*

 Drug use (10 or more times in past 12 months)

Americas (4.4%)

0.86 (0.51, 1.44)

Sub-Saharan Africa (7.3%)

1.46 (0.92, 2.31)

North Africa & Central Asia (2.5%)

1.99 (0.85, 4.64)

South Asia and China (0.9%)

0.88 (0.18, 4.16)

Southeast Asia (4.2%)

3.42 (2.36, 4.96)***

  1. AOR adjusted odds ratio; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; aAdjusted for age, sex, study year, social support, family income or wealth, country, exposure to physical violence in childhood, binge drinking (if not outcome variable), depression (if not outcome variable) and PTSD (if not outcome variable)
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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