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Table 9 Distribution of Confounders between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected after matching for MDHS 2010 and 2015-16 data

From: Assessing the effects of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes using cross-sectional data in Malawi

Characteristic

Mothers HIV status (2010)

Mothers HIV Status(2015)

 

HIV-infected

HIV-uninfected

p-value

HIV-infected(%)

HIV-uninfected(%)

p-value

Overall

301(51.2)

306(48.8)

 

387(50.1)

386(49.9)

 

Residence

Urban

66(20.6)

58(19.0)

 

112(28.9)

120(31.1)

 

Rural

255(79.4)

248(81)

0.61

275(71.1)

266(68.9)

0.52

Region

Northern

42(13.1)

37(12.1)

 

46(11.9)

41(10.6)

 

Central

84(26.2)

101(33.0)

 

91(23.5)

117(30.3)

 

Southern

195(60.8)

168(54.9)

0.17

250(64.6)

228(59.1)

0.10

Age

15-24

78(24.3)

97(31.7)

 

93(24.0)

90(23.3)

 

25-34

173(53.9)

122(39.9)

 

181(46.8)

197(51.0)

 

35 above

70(21.8)

87(28.4)

0.13

113(29.2)

99(25.7)

0.44

Wealth

Poor

100(31.2)

96(31.4)

 

144(37.2)

137(35.5)

 

Middle

70(21.8)

65(21.2)

 

65(16.8)

67(17.4)

 

Rich

151(47.0)

145(47.4)

0.98

178(46)

182(47.1)

0.88

Education

None

50(15.6)

41(13.4)

 

44(11.4)

54(14.0)

 

Primary

199(62)

206(67.3)

 

242(62.5)

213(55.2)

 

Secondary

69(21.5)

57(18.6)

 

94(24.3)

107(27.7)

 

Tertiary

3(0.9)

2(0.6)

0.57

7(1.8)

12(3.1)

0.17

Anaemia

No

193(60.1)

196(64.1)

 

196(50.7)

193(50.0)

 

Yes

128(39.9)

116(35.9)

0.31

191(49.3)

193(50.0)

0.86

Ever terminated pregnancy

No

272(84.7)

259(84.6)

 

332(85.8)

322(83.4)

 

Yes

49(15.3)

47(15.4)

0.97

55(14.2)

64(16.6)

0.30

Marital Status

Never married

8(2.5)

3(1.0)

 

10(2.6)

8(2.1)

 

Married

197(61.4)

202(66.0)

 

273(70.5)

275(71.2)

 

Living together

32(10.0)

36(11.8)

 

18(4.7)

26(6.7)

 

Widowed

21(6.5)

5(1.6)

 

13(3.4)

12(3.1)

 

Divorced

37(11.5)

22(7.2)

 

37(9.6)

23(6.0)

 

Not Living together

26(8.1)

38(12.4)

0.03

36(9.3)

42(10.9)

0.36