Table 1 Demographic characteristics of severe HFMD children patients
|  | Fatal cases N2 = 44 | Survivors N1 = 415 | Total N = 459 | OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 22 (50.0) | 273 (65.8) | 295 (64.3) | 0.52 (0.28–0.97)* |
Female | 22 (50.0) | 142 (34.2) | 164 (35.7) | Referent |
Age | ||||
  ≤ 1 | 4 (9.1) | 47 (11.3) | 51 (11.1) | 0.78 (0.27–2.29) |
1~ | 36 (81.8) | 259 (62.4) | 295 (64.3) | 2.71 (1.23–5.98)** |
3~ | 3 (6.8) | 97 (23.4) | 100 (21.8) | 0.24 (0.07–0.79)* |
  > 5 | 1 (2.3) | 12 (2.9) | 13 (2.8) | Referent |
Hosting Classification | ||||
Scatter childrena | 36 (81.8) | 333 (80.2) | 369 (80.4) | 1.11 (0.50–2.47) |
Childcareb | 8 (18.2) | 75 (18.1) | 83 (18.1) | 1.01 (0.45–2.26) |
In schoolc | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (0.7) | – |
Others | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.0) | 4 (0.9) | – |
Identification of enterovirus | ||||
 EV71 | 30 (68.2) | 216 (52.0) | 246 (53.6) | 1.97 (1.02–3.83)* |
 Cox A16 | 0 (0.0) | 14 (3.4) | 14 (3.1) | – |
 Other enterovirus | 4 (9.1) | 66 (15.9) | 70 (15.3) | 0.53 (0.18–1.53) |
 Negative | 10 (22.7) | 119 (28.7) | 129 (28.1) | 0.73 (0.35–1.53) |
Onset season | ||||
Winter | 9 (20.5) | 34 (8.2) | 43 (9.4) | 2.88 (1.28–6.49)* |
Autumn | 3 (6.8) | 37 (8.9) | 40 (8.7) | 0.75 (0.22–2.53) |
Summer | 12 (27.3) | 173 (41.7) | 185 (40.3) | 0.53 (0.26–1.05) |
Spring | 20 (45.5) | 171 (37.3) | 191 (41.6) | 1.19 (0.64–2.22) |
Family members, > 3 | 28 (63.6) | 299 (72.0) | 327 (71.2) | 0.68 (0.35–1.30) |
Children in home, > 1 | 37 (84.1) | 275 (66.3) | 312 (68.0) | 2.69 (1.17–6.19)* |
Caregivers | ||||
Parents | 21 (47.7) | 285 (68.7) | 306 (66.7) | 0.42 (0.22–0.78)* |
Grandparents | 23 (52.3) | 130 (31.3) | 153 (33.3) | Referent |
Caregivers’ education | ||||
  > 9 y | 5 (11.4) | 172 (41.4) | 177 (38.6) | 0.18 (0.07–0.47)** |
0–9 y | 39 (88.6) | 243 (58.6) | 282 (61.5) | Referent |
Neighborhood children also suffer from HFMD disease | 1 (2.3) | 50 (12.0) | 51 (11.1) | 0.14 (0.02–1.01)* |