Table 2 Distribution (prevalence, prevalence ratio and 95% CI) of stunting and overweight in children under five years of age, according to categories of socioeconomic and demographic variables by survey year (1992, 2005 and 2015). Alagoas, Northeast Brazil

 Male

23.4 Ref.

13.1 0.56 (0.43–0.71)

4.2 0.18 (0.12–0.28)

9.1 Ref.

7.4 0.81 (0.56–1.17)

15.6 1.70 (1.22–2.36)

 Female

21.8 Ref.

9.4 0.43 (0.32–0.57)

2.2 0.10 (0.06–0.19)

4.7 Ref.

7.6 1.62 (1.04–2.51)

14.2 3.04 (2.01–4.61)

p = 0.488

p = 0.038

p = 0.076

p = 0.002

p = 0.906

p = 0.558

 ≤ 24

14.5 Ref.

11.3 0.78 (0.57–1.05)

4.6 0.31 (0.20–0.51)

8.1 Ref.

8.4 1.04 (0.70–1.54)

17.1 2.10 (1.46–3.03)

 >  24

28.3 Ref.

11.1 0.39 (0.30–0.50)

2.2 0.08 (0.04–0.14)

6.1 Ref.

6.5 1.10 (0.71–1.60)

13.2 2.17 (1.51–3.10)

p < 0.001

p = 0.887

p = 0.032

p = 0.178

p = 0.178

p = 0.092

 Yes

28.3 Ref.

18.3 0.65 (0.36–1.17)

8.6 0.30 (0.12–0.76)

4.95 Ref.

3.33 0.67 (0.12–3.60)

8.62 1.74 (0.48–6.32)

 No

15.0 Ref.

10.3 0.69 (0.54–0.88)

2.8 0.18 (0.12–0.28)

7.67 Ref.

7.98 1.04 (0.76–1.43)

15.15 1.98 (1.47–2.66)

p = 0.003

p = 0.027

p = 0.013

p = 0.381

p = 0.188

p = 0.175

 Yes

11.1 Ref.

7.4 0.66 (0.28–1.56)

0.0 nc

9.9 Ref.

16.3 1.65 (0.80–3.39)

27.3 2.75 (1.38–5.50)

 No

17.2 Ref.

11.1 0.64 (0.51–0.82)

3.4 0.19 (0.13–0.29)

7.0 Ref.

6.9 0.98 (0.69–1.39)

13.8 1.97 (1.43–2.71)

p = 0.105

p = 0.233

p = nc

p = 0.282

p = 0.0006

p = 0.003

 Yes

12.8 Ref.

8.3 0.64 (0.46–0.91)

2.7 0.21 (0.13–0.35)

8.9 Ref.

8.5 0.96 (0.65–1.41)

15.0 1.69 (1.20–2.39)

 No

28.8 Ref.

15.1 0.52 (0.39–0.71)

4.8 0.17 (0.10–0.28)

5.79 Ref.

5.69 0.98 (0.57–1.70)

14.33 2.47 (1.64–3.72)

p < 0.001

p = 0.002

p = 0.098

p = 0.045

p = 0.124

p = 0.792

 Yes

29.3 Ref.

15.8 0.54 (0.43–0.67)

7.0 0.24 (0.14–0.41)

6.4 Ref.

5.1 0.80 (0.51–1.26)

13.0 2.04 (1.30–3.22)

 No

7. 2 Ref.

7.0 0.97 (0.60–1.54)

2.6 0.36 (0.20–0.65)

8.0 Ref.

10.0 1.25 (0.82–1.92)

15.5 1.95 (1.31–2.92)

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.004

p = 0.323

p = 0.002

p = 0.400

 ≤ 20.0

16.3 Ref.

9.9 0.61 (0.36–1.03)

6.1 0.37 (0.13–1.02)

6.7 Ref.

7.4 1.10 (0.52–2.31)

12.1 1.80 (0.76–4.31)

 20.1–39.9

22.1 Ref.

11.0 0.50 (0.40–0.62)

3.3 0.15 (0.10–0.22)

7.2 Ref.

7.8 1.09 (0.79–1.50)

15.0 2.10 (1.57–2.81)

 ≥ 40.0

32.1 Ref.

16.7 0.52 (0.29–0.94)

3.2 0.10 (0.03–0.31)

5.3 Ref.

4.3 0.82 (0.21–3.24)

16.0 3.03 (1.21–7.60)

p = 0.007

p = 0.277

p = 0.502

p = 0.758

p = 0.550

p = 0.781

 Urban

18.2 Ref.

9.6 0.53 (0.41–0.68)

3.1 0. 17 (0. 11–0.27)

7.5 Ref.

8.2 1.09 (0.77–1.54)

14.8 1.97 (1.42–2.73)

 Rural

28.7 Ref.

13.8 0.48 (0.36–0.64)

3.5 0.12 (0.06–0.24)

6.1 Ref.

6.2 1.02 (0.62–1.68)

15.3 2.49 (1.63–3.82)

p < 0.001

p = 0.026

p = 0.764

p = 0.345

p = 0.226

p = 0.841

 ≤ 4

16.5 Ref.

9.4 0.57 (0.40–0.80)

2.4 0.15 (0.08–0.26)

7.3 Ref.

7.9 1.08 (0.68–1.73)

15.9 2.16 (1.41–3.31)

 >  4

24.9 Ref.

12.6 0.50 (0.40–0.63)

4.4 0.17 (0.11–0.28)

6.6 Ref.

7.1 1.08 (0.75–1.55)

13.5 2.05 (1.44–2.91)

p = 0.002

p = 0.064

p = 0.095

p = 0.655

p = 0.571

p = 0.306