Positive health beliefs are associated with improvement of glycated hemoglobin and lipid profiles in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Mean values of metabolic control parameters according to health beliefs. n = 336

Biochemical indicators	Positive ^a 71 (21%)	Neutral ^b 107(32%)	Negative ^c 158 (47%)	p value*
HbA1c %	8.2 ± 1.7 ^b	9.0 ± 2.3 ^a	8.8 ± 1.8	0.042
Fasting glucose mg/dL	159.8 ± 52.1	183.0 ± 82.1	169.3 ± 59.3	0.061
Total cholesterol mg/dL	199.4 ± 34.0	189.1 ± 41.0 ^c	203.0 ± 43.6 ^b	0.025
LDL-c mg/dL	115.0 ± 28.7	106.9 ± 31.8 ^c	117.0 ± 32.3 ^b	0.035
HDL-c mg/dL	43.5 ± 11.6 ^b	38.3 ± 8.6 ^{a, c}	42.5 ± 12.1 ^b	0.002
Triglycerides mg/dL	188.3 ± 78.1	213.7 ± 115.5	204.5 ± 102.3	0.270
Weight kg	71.9 ± 12.5	76.4 ± 14.9	74.8 ± 14.8	0.129
BMI kg/m ²	29.3 ± 4.1	30.6 ± 5.4	30.5 ± 5.3	0.220
Waist circumference cm	97.8 ± 9.1	101.5 ± 14.0	100.2 ± 12.3	0.147
Fat %	42.1 ± 11.0	42.1 ± 12.8	41.8 ± 11.6	0.973
SBP mmHg	122.1 ± 12.6	125.8 ± 16.1	125.4 ± 13.9	0.185
DBP mmHg	81.9 ± 9.9	84.1 ± 11.0	83.8 ± 9.6	0.337

The data are as mean ± SD. SBP Blood Pressure Systolic; DBP Blood Pressure Diastolic. LDL-c Low Density Lipoproteins cholesterol. HDL-c High Density Lipoproteins cholesterol. BMI Body Mass Index. WC Waist Circumference
* p value was calculated with ANOVA test
^{a, b, c} The letters indicate which groups show a statistically significant difference in each indicator

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