|
VARIABLES
|
Current smoking
|
Quitting
|
Heavy smoking
|
|---|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Sex
|
|
Male
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Female
|
0.64 ***
|
1.01
|
0.44 ***
|
|
(0.53–0.77)
|
(0.78–1.31)
|
(0.31–0.6)
|
|
Age group, years
|
|
< 25
|
0.63
|
0.59
|
0.29
|
|
(0.3–1.29)
|
(0.15–2.26)
|
(0.06–1.3)
|
|
25–34
|
1.02
|
0.76
|
0.60 **
|
|
(0.77–1.35)
|
(0.52–1.12)
|
(0.39–0.94)
|
|
35–44
|
0.74 ***
|
1.05
|
0.51 ****
|
|
(0.6–0.92)
|
(0.79–1.4)
|
(0.36–0.72)
|
|
45–54
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
55–64
|
0.78 **
|
1.52 ***
|
0.87
|
|
(0.62–0.98)
|
(1.15–2.00)
|
(0.63–1.2
|
|
> = 65
|
0.28 ***
|
3.82 ***
|
0.28 ***
|
|
(0.18–0.43)
|
(2.42–6.05)
|
(0.14–0.54)
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Single
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Stable relationship
|
0.84 *
|
1.39 **
|
1.01
|
|
(0.69–1.02)
|
(1.08–1.78)
|
(0.76–1.35)
|
|
Separated/divorced
|
1.18
|
1.11
|
1.37
|
|
(0.88–1.56)
|
(0.77–1.59)
|
(0.9–2.08)
|
|
Widowed
|
1.08
|
1.3
|
2.7 ***
|
|
(0.64–1.82)
|
(0.68–2.49)
|
(1.39–5.24)
|
|
Education
|
|
College degree
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
High school graduation
|
1.09
|
1.01
|
1.61 ***
|
|
(0.87–1.35)
|
(0.76–1.35)
|
(1.12–2.32)
|
|
Elementary or lower
|
1.37 ***
|
0.79
|
2.29 ***
|
|
(1.09–1.73)
|
(0.58–1.07)
|
(1.57–3.34)
|
|
Citizenship
|
|
Italian
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Foreign
|
0.67 ***
|
0.51 ***
|
0.68
|
|
(0.5–0.91)
|
(0.32–0.82)
|
(0.41–1.12)
|
|
Comorbidity
|
|
No diabetes
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.14
|
0.95
|
1.49 *
|
|
(0.76–1.7)
|
(0.59–1.53)
|
(0.88–2.5)
|
|
No hypertension
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.9
|
1.28 *
|
0.84
|
|
(0.7–1.15)
|
(0.95–1.71)
|
(0.59–1.19)
|
|
No severe obesity
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Severe obesity
|
0.65 **
|
1.61 **
|
0.69
|
|
(0.46–0.92)
|
(1.06–2.44)
|
(0.38–1.26)
|
|
No alcohol abuse
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Alcohol Abuse
|
0.89
|
0.97
|
0.97
|
|
(0.58–1.36)
|
(0.54–1.71)
|
(0.53–1.77)
|
|
Region
|
|
Northern Italy
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Central Italy
|
0.89
|
1.20
|
0.87
|
|
(0.73–1.07)
|
(0.95–1.53)
|
(0.64–1.18)
|
|
Southern Italy
|
1.15
|
0.58 ***
|
1.67 ***
|
|
(0.93–1.41)
|
(0.44–0.77)
|
(1.23–2.25)
|
|
Group
|
|
General population
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
PLWH
|
3.11 ***
|
0.36 ***
|
4.84 ***
|
|
(2.62–3.71)
|
(0.29–0.46)
|
(3.74–6.27)
|
- Note: OR Odds ratio; CI Confidence interval; Estimates were controlled for the entire set of covariates (age, gender, ethnic origin, educational level, marital status, region of residence, alcohol abuse, hypertension, diabetes, and extreme obesity). Estimates were performed by pooling together the PLWH and the general population samples
- * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
