Table 1 Characteristics of the included articles
Author, year of publication | Full Report or Abstract | Country | Study Design | Study Population | Target Exposure Group | Target Control Group (s) | Target Outcome(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abougergi et al. [14] 2019 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage | Private insurance | Nondisabled public insurance | Inpatient service (LOS) |
Abraham et al. [15] 2014 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | The Affordable Care Act (ACA) target population | Private insurance | Public insurance and no insurance | Outpatient service (ED visit and outpatient visit) and inpatient service (rate of hospitalization) |
Abraham et al. [16] 2017 | Abstract | India | Retrospective cohort study | Patients with breast, oral and ovarian cancer | Private insurance | No insurance and two kinds of public insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) |
Abraham et al. [17] 2017 | Abstract | India | Retrospective cohort study | Patients with breast cancer | Private insurance | No insurance and public insurance | Inpatient service (LOS) |
Araujo et al. [18] 2017 | Full report | Brazil | Retrospective case control study | Adults ā„18āyears of age. | Private health insurance | No private insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) and inpatient services (rate of hospitalization) |
Bhandari et al. [19] 2018 | Abstract | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Adults aged 18ā64āyears | Commercial insurance (qualified health plans, QHPs) | Public insurance (Medicaid) | Outpatient service (ED visit and outpatient visit) and inpatient service (rate of hospitalization) |
Cunningham et al. [20] 2018 | Full text | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Population of California counties | Private insurance | No insurance and public insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) and inpatient services (rate of hospitalization) |
Dabbous et al. [21] 2014 | Abstract | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Adult diabetic patients | Private insurance | No insurance and public insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) |
Fontenelle et al. [22] 2018 | Full report | Brazil | Retrospective cohort study | Household survey population | Private health insurance | No insurance coverage | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) |
Gandhi et al. [23] 2014 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective case control study | Patients with non-emergency visits | Private health insurance | No insurance and public insurance (Medicare and Medicaid) | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) |
Ginde et al. [24] 2012 | Full report | The United States | Cross-sectional household interview survey | noninstitutionalized US civilian population | Private insurance | Public insurance (Medicare and Medicaid) | Outpatient service (ED visit) |
Halpern et al. [25] 2011 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Individuals with epilepsy | Private insurance | No insurance and public insurance (Medicare and Medicaid) | Outpatient service (ED visit and outpatient visit) and inpatient service (inpatient LOS and rate of hospitalization) |
Hasegawa et al. [26] 2014 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective case control study | Patients ages 18 to 54āyears with acute asthma | Private health insurance | No health insurance and public health insurance | Outpatient service (ED visit) |
Henke et al. [27] 2013 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Inpatient patients | Private health insurance | Public insurance (Medicare) | Inpatient service (LOS) |
Hullegie et al. [28] 2010 | Full report | Germany | Retrospective cohort study | West German individuals | Private insurance | Public insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visit) and inpatient service (inpatient LOS) |
Jeon et al. [29] 2013 | Full report | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | Adults participating in Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) | Private insurance | No private insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visit) and inpatient service (inpatient LOS and rate of hospitalization) |
Leach et al. [30] 2012 | Full report | Australia | Retrospective cohort study | Participants aged 15ā93āyears old | Private health insurance | No insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visit) |
Mandsager et al. [31] 2015 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Health center patients | Private insurance | Public insurance | Outpatient service (outpatient visit) |
Pomerantz et al. [32] 2013 | Abstract | Brazil | Retrospective cohort study | Survey adults in Brazil | Private insurance | Public insurance | Outpatient service (ED visits) and inpatient service (inpatient LOS and rate of hospitalization) |
Rice et al. [33] 2014 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Diabetic Patients | private/employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) | Public insurance (Medicaid) | Outpatient service (ED visits) and inpatient service (inpatient LOS) |
Sarkar et al. [34] 2017 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Population of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in Ohio | Private insurance | Public insurance (Medicaid) | Outpatient service (ED visits) and inpatient service (rate of hospitalization) |
Shmueli et al. [35] 2014 | Full report | Australia | Retrospective cohort study | Inpatients of the public New South Wales hospitals | Private insurance | Public insurance | Inpatient service (inpatient LOS) |
Terveen et al. [36] 2015 | Abstract | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Pediatric ophthalmic inpatients | Private insurance | Public insurance (Medicaid) | Inpatient service (inpatient LOS) |
Yoshioka et al. [37] 2010 | Full report | Japan | Retrospective cohort study | Community-dwelling frail elderly people | Private insurance provided by private care management agencies | Public insurance provided by social welfare corporations or public agencies) | Outpatient service (outpatient visit) |
You et al. [38] 2018 | Full report | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | Diabetes outpatients | Supplementary private health insurance (SPHI) | Without SPHI | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) and inpatient services (rate of hospitalization) |
Young et al. [39] 2009 | Full report | The United States | Retrospective cohort study | Children with autism | Private insurance | Public insurance (Medicaid) | Outpatient service (outpatient visits) |