Trends in Health Expenditure: Actual country vs. Synthetic country. Note: health expenditure from 1996 to 2010 (upper panel): actual Chad (5.410, 5.557, 5.412, 5.866, 6.277, 6.086, 8.332, 5.491, 5.720, 3.910, 3.322, 3.346, 2.916, 3.307, 2.949) and synthetic Chad (5.215, 5.684, 5.620, 6.078, 6.696, 6.153, 7.075, 6.361, 5.917, 6.735, 6.408, 5.717, 5.686, 6.000, 5.657); health expenditure from 1996 to 2004 (middle panel): actual Rwanda (4.435, 4.417, 5.078, 4.573, 4.221, 4.380, 4.176, 6.342, 6.245) and synthetic Rwanda (4.145, 4.437, 5.079, 4.804, 3.689, 4.601, 4.774, 5.028, 5.107); health expenditure from 1996 to 2010 (lower panel): actual Ivory Coast (6.741, 7.066, 7.298, 6.522, 6.001, 4.846, 4.467, 4.652, 5.237, 5.390, 5.871, 6.346, 6.206, 6.414, 6.324) and synthetic Ivory Coast (6.687, 6.897, 7.109, 7.166, 7.579, 7.469, 7.431, 7.245, 7.159, 7.247, 6.715, 6.503, 6.557, 7.217, 6.684). Source: the author