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Table 1 Factors associated with the presentation of the vaccination card to the interviewer - weighted logistic regression (Senegal DHS 2017 - n = 4032)

From: Vaccination card availability and childhood immunization in Senegal

 

No vaccination cardn = 1059

Vaccination cardn = 2973

All n = 4032

OR 95% CI†

p

aOR 95% CI‡

p

%

%

%

Age of the child at interview

 12–23 months (ref.)

42.4

61.8

56.7

1

 

1

 

 24–35 months

57.6

38.2

43.3

0.45[0.39;0.52]

< 0.001

0.44[0.38;0.51]

< 0.001

Sex of the child

 Male (ref.)

51.2

51.1

51.1

1

 

NS

 

 Female

48.8

48.9

48.9

1.00[0.87;1.15]

0.961

 

Birth order

 1 (ref.)

22.5

22.9

22.8

1

 

NS

 

 2

32.2

35.4

34.5

1.08[0.89;1.31]

0.443

 

  > 2

45.3

41.7

42.6

0.91[0.76;1.09]

0.281

 

Mother’s age at child birth

 15–19

13.7

11.3

12.0

0.82[0.66;1.02]

0.080

NS

 

 20 (ref.)

48.5

49.0

48.8

1

  

 30+

37.8

39.7

39.2

1.04[0.89;1.21]

0.601

 

Mother’s educational level (missing = 3)

 No education (ref.)

60.4

56.8

57.7

1

 

NS

 

 Primary

23.3

24.7

24.3

1.13[0.95;1.34]

0.161

 

 Secondary or higher

16.4

18.5

18.0

1.20[0.99;1.46]

0.060

 

Mother’s exposure to media

 Not at all (ref.)

11.2

6.9

8.0

1

 

1

 

 Less than once a week

17.9

19.1

18.9

1.74[1.32;2.31]

< 0.001

1.51[1.13;2.02]

0.006

 At least once a week

70.9

74.0

73.2

1.71[1.34;2.17]

< 0.001

1.23[0.94;1.60]

0.126

Mother’s ethnic group

 Wolof (ref.)

36.5

36.8

36.7

1

 

NS

 

 Puular

29.5

27.2

27.8

0.91[0.76;1.08]

0.295

 

 Serer

13.5

18.4

17.1

1.34[1.08;1.67]

0.008

 

 Manding

8.0

5.9

6.5

0.74[0.55;0.98]

0.035

 

 Other

12.5

11.7

11.9

0.93[0.74;1.17]

0.526

 

Household wealth quintile

 Poorest

26.0

21.5

22.7

0.85[0.69;1.05]

0.135

NS

 

 Poorer

21.2

21.2

21.2

1.03[0.83;1.28]

0.774

 

 Middle (ref.)

20.9

20.3

20.5

1

  

 Richer

16.2

17.2

17.0

1.10[0.87;1.38]

0.439

 

 Richest

15.8

19.7

18.7

1.28[1.02;1.62]

0.033

 

Place of delivery

 At health facility (ref.)

74.9

83.0

80.9

1

   

 At home

25.1

17.0

19.1

0.61[0.52;0.73]

< 0.001

0.75[0.62;0.91]

0.003

Mother attended antenatal care (missing = 84)

 No (ref.)

3.9

1.2

1.9

1

 

1

 

 Yes

96.1

98.8

98.1

3.24[2.04;5.13]

< 0.001

2.23[1.36;3.65]

0.001

Postnatal check-up within 3 months (missing = 6)

 No (ref.)

18.8

13.4

14.8

1

 

NS

 

 Yes

81.2

86.6

85.2

1.50[1.24;1.80]

< 0.001

 

Place of residence

 Urban (ref.)

36.0

40.9

39.6

1

 

NS

 

 Rural

64.0

59.1

60.4

0.81[0.70;0.94]

0.005

 

Region

 North (ref.)

17.1

16.3

16.5

1

 

1

 

 West

25.4

37.4

34.3

1.54[1.24;1.92]

< 0.001

1.48[1.18;1.86]

0.001

 Center

31.1

28.7

29.3

0.96[0.78;1.19]

0.741

0.94[0.75;1.17]

0.562

 South

26.3

17.6

19.9

0.70[0.56;0.88]

0.002

0.73[0.58;0.92]

0.008

  1. †: Crude odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (bivariate analysis)
  2. ‡: Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals estimated using a weighted logistic regression model. A stepwise approach was used to assess the iteration of variables and to control potential confounders
  3. NS: non statistically significant (p > 0.05) after stepwise selection
  4. Note: Potential endogeneity with “antenatal care” was tested using the Housman’s test. The variables “distance to health facility” and “permission to go to health facility” were used as instrumental variables. No significant endogeneity issue was detected (p = 0.43)
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