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Table 3 Odds ratios for being depression by metabolic syndrome and each of its components and SES (primarily education level and household income) in male and female

From: The combined effect of socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome on depression: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Characteristics

Male

Female

Model1a

Model2b

Model3c

Model1a

Model2b

Model3c

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Waist circumference (cm)

  < 90 (< 80 for women)

1.00

0.75

1.00

0.92

1.00

0.43

1.00

<.0001

1.00

0.03

1.00

0.004

  ≥ 90 (≥80 for women)

1.08 (0.67–1.48)

0.97 (0.57–1.67)

0.78 (0.42–1.44)

1.70 (1.36–2.14)

1.46 (1.05–2.04)

1.78 (1.20–2.63)

Triglyceride level (mg/dL)

  < 150

1.00

0.02

1.00

0.01

1.00

0.15

1.00

0.0004

1.00

0.07

1.00

0.16

  ≥ 150

1.66 (1.09–2.53)

1.77 (1.13–2.76)

1.45 (0.88–2.39)

1.63 (1.24–2.13)

1.30 (0.98–1.73)

1.25 (0.91–1.70)

Blood pressurea

 Normal

1.00

0.23

1.00

0.24

1.00

0.32

1.00

0.93

1.00

0.45

1.00

0.76

 Abnormal

0.76 (0.48–1.20)

0.76 (0.48–1.21)

0.77 (0.46–1.29)

1.02 (0.75–1.38)

0.89 (0.65–1.22)

0.95 (0.68–1.32)

HDL cholesterol level (mg/dL)

  ≥ 40 (≥50 for women)

1.00

0.05

1.00

0.22

1.00

0.09

1.00

0.0002

1.00

0.002

1.00

0.001

  < 40 (< 50 for women)

1.53 (1.00–2.35)

1.34 (0.84–2.16)

1.59 (0.94–2.68)

1.52 (1.22–1.90)

1.47 (1.16–1.86)

1.57 (1.20–2.04)

FBS (mg/dL)

  < 100

1.00

0.27

1.00

0.33

1.00

0.13

1.00

0.02

1.00

0.27

1.00

0.43

  ≥ 100

1.29 (0.82–2.04)

1.29 (0.78–2.12)

1.50 (0.89–2.53)

1.39 (1.06–1.83)

1.18 (0.88–1.57)

1.14 (0.83–1.57)

Metabolic syndrome

 No

1.00

0.08

1.00

0.11

1.00

0.10

1.00

<.0001

1.00

0.03

1.00

0.01

 Yes

1.51 (0.95–2.38)

1.49 (0.92–2.42)

1.58 (0.92–2.71)

1.76 (1.35–2.29)

1.40 (1.04–1.87)

1.55 (1.13–2.13)

Education level

 College or more

1.00

0.01

1.00

<.0001

1.00

<.0001

1.00

<.0001

1.00

0.01

1.00

0.06

 High school

2.50 (1.32–4.92)

2.18 (1.14–4.16)

2.17 (1.08–4.36)

1.91 (1.42–2.57)

1.55 (1.14–2.09)

1.36 (0.98–1.89)

 Middle schools

6.94 (3.26–14.77)

4.75 (2.29–9.84)

7.36 (3.33–16.30)

3.17 (2.02–4.98)

2.08 (1.30–3.34)

1.90 (1.15–3.14)

 Elementary school or less

16.80 (8.12–34.79)

10.94 (5.24–22.85)

10.78 (4.73–24.61)

4.07 (2.63–6.30)

2.26 (1.41–3.60)

1.93 (1.15–3.24)

House income

 High

1.00

<.0001

1.00

<.0001

1.000

<.0001

1.00

<.0001

1.00

<.0001

1.00

<.0001

 Middle

1.45 (0.85–2.46)

0.98 (0.56–1.71)

0.914 (0.49–1.71)

1.83 (1.39–2.41)

1.47 (1.10–1.95)

1.71 (1.24–2.35)

 Low

7.07 (4.01–12.46)

2.82 (1.57–5.06)

2.793 (1.46–5.34)

3.75 (2.66–5.28)

2.25 (1.56–3.26)

2.651 (1.72–4.10)

  1. aModel1: adjusted for age
  2. bModel2: adjusted for age, education level, income, marital status, moderate physical activity more than, smoking status, alcohol consumption, prevalence of chronic diseases
  3. cModel3: adjusted for age, education level, income, marital status, moderate physical activity more than, smoking status, alcohol consumption, prevalence of chronic diseases, history of depression
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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