| Gender |
| Male | 10,228(51.0) | 128(1.2) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| Female | 13,874(49.0) | 494(3.2) | 2.80(2.30–3.51) | |
| Age group (years) |
| 19–29 | 4369(24.3) | 79(1.5) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| 30–39 | 6616(26.0) | 132(1.7) | 1.11(0.80–1.54) | |
| 40–49 | 6643(27.3) | 166(2.4) | 1.57(1.14–2.15) | |
| 50–59 | 6474(22.4) | 245(3.3) | 2.19(1.63–2.96) | |
| Education level |
| College or more | 9269(38.1) | 114(1.0) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| High school | 10,259(45.1) | 249(2.1) | 2.12(1.63–2.77) | |
| Middle schools | 2312(8.9) | 104(4.0) | 4.14(2.99–5.74) | |
| Elementary school or less | 2236(7.8) | 154(6.3) | 6.62(4.94–8.88) | |
| House income |
| High | 8260(33.2) | 132(1.3) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| Middle | 13,531(57.9) | 340(2.1) | 1.71(1.33–2.20) | |
| Low | 2041(9.0) | 142(5.8) | 4.87(3.58–6.62) | |
| Marital status |
| Married | 17,775(68.0) | 407(2.0) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| Unmarried | 4860(26.6) | 94(1.6) | 0.82(0.63–1.08) | |
| Divorced/Widowed/separated | 1419(5.4) | 119(7.4) | 3.93(3.06–5.05) | |
| Body mass index |
| 18.5–22.9 | 10,096(41.3) | 229(1.9) | 1.00 | 0.03 |
| < 18.5 | 1163(5.0) | 32(1.9) | 1.01(0.65–1.57) | |
| ≥ 23.0 | 12,793(53.7) | 360(2.4) | 1.26(1.03–1.53) | |
| Smoking status |
| non-smokers | 14,261(53.1) | 393(2.3) | 1.00 | 0.02 |
| < 5pack | 727(3.4) | 27(3.5) | 1.49(0.96–2.34) | |
| ≥ 5pack | 9074(43.5) | 199(1.9) | 0.79(0.65–0.94) | |
| Alcohol consumption |
| Non-drinkers | 4830(17.6) | 191(3.7) | 1.00 | 0.003 |
| ≤ 2-4times/month | 13,772(57.5) | 328(2.0) | 0.53(0.43–0.66) | |
| 2-3times/week | 3990(18.2) | 66(1.5) | 0.39(0.28–0.54) | |
| ≥ 4times/week | 1424(6.6) | 36(2.0) | 0.55(0.37–0.81) | |
| Physical activity |
| No | 18,558(76.9) | 476(2.2) | 1.00 | 0.39 |
| Yes | 5509(23.1) | 144(2.0) | 0.91(0.73–1.13) | |
| History of depression diagnosed by a doctor |
| No | 23,312(96.9) | 283(0.9) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| Yes | 790(3.1) | 339(41.4) | 1.71(1.38–2.10) | |
| Prevalence of chronic diseases |
| No | 22,026(92.8) | 464(1.8) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| Yes | 2076(7.2) | 158(6.7) | 3.81(3.02–4.82) | |
| Metabolic syndrome |
| No | 19,175(79.9) | 447(1.9) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| Yes | 4927(20.1) | 175(3.2) | 1.70(1.38–2.11) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
| < 90 (< 80 for women) | 16,956(72.2) | 348(1.8) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| ≥ 90 (≥80 for women) | 7146(27.8) | 274(3.2) | 1.83(1.51–2.22) | |
| Triglyceride level (mg/dL) |
| < 150 | 17,771(72.8) | 437(2.0) | 1.00 | 0.01 |
| ≥ 150 | 6331( | 185(2.7) | 1.34(1.078–1.66) | |
| Blood pressure* |
| Normal | 18,804(77.6) | 498(2.2) | 1.00 | 0.28 |
| Abnormal | 5298(22.4) | 124(2.0) | 0.88(0.69–1.11) | |
| HDL cholesterol level (mg/dL) |
| ≥ 40 (≥50 for women) | 14,539(62.9) | 297(1.7) | 1.00 | <.0001 |
| < 40 (< 50 for women) | 9563(37.1) | 325(3.1) | 1.85(1.53–2.24) | |
| FBS (mg/dL) |
| < 100 | 18,811(78.4) | 460(2.0) | 1.00 | 0.01 |
| ≥ 100 | 5291(21.6) | 162(2.8) | 1.37(1.10–1.72) | |
