Table 4 Multilevel logistic analysis of factors associated with safe stool disposal
From: Correlates of appropriate disposal of children’s stools in Malawi: a multilevel analysis
Variable | Null model | Model I aOR (95% CI) | Model II aOR (95% CI) | Model III aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual-level factors | ||||
Sex of the child | ||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) | ||
Age of the child (months) | ||||
≤ 5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
6–11 | 3.05 (2.51–3.70) | 3.06 (2.52–3.72) | ||
12–17 | 6.79 (5.37–8.57) | 6.81 (5.39–8.60) | ||
18–23 | 6.54 (5.15–8.31) | 6.58 (5.18–8.35) | ||
Maternal age (years) | ||||
15–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
25–34 | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) | 1.07 (0.83–1.38) | ||
≥ 35 | 0.98 (0.69–1.38) | 0.94 (0.67–1.33) | ||
Number of children ever had | ||||
1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
2 | 1.19 (0.94–1.08) | 1.20 (0.95–1.53) | ||
3 | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) | ||
4+ | 0.91 (0.65–1.26) | 0.94 (0.68–1.31) | ||
Maternal educational level | ||||
No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary | 0.91 (0.71–1.17) | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) | ||
Secondary and higher | 1.15 (0.83–1.60) | 1.02 (0.73–1.62) | ||
Wealth | ||||
Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Middle | 1.24 (0.99–1.53) | 1.25 (1.01–1.55) | ||
Rich | 1.32 (1.06–1.63) | 1.28 (1.01–1.62) | ||
Employed | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | ||
Media exposure | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.21 (1.01–1.45) | 1.20 (1.01–1.44) | ||
Religion | ||||
Catholics | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Protestant | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | 0.97 (0.75–1.25) | ||
Muslims and others | 0.94 (0.76–1.16) | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) | ||
Water source | ||||
Unimproved | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Improved | 1.29 (1.02–1.63) | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) | ||
Sanitation type | ||||
Unimproved | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Improved | 1.38 (1.13–1.68) | 1.36 (1.12–1.65) | ||
Community-level factors | ||||
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rural | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.73 (0.52–1.65) | ||
Region | ||||
Northern | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Central | 1.68 (1.27–2.23) | 1.77 (1.31–2.38) | ||
Southern | 1.42 (1.09–1.84) | 1.55 (1.18–2.05) | ||
Community wealth | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Middle | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 1.05 (0.82–1.34) | ||
High | 1.17 (0.85–1.54) | 0.97 (0.71–1.84) | ||
Community women’s education | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Middle | 1.63 (1.22–2.19) | 1.62 (1.18–2.21) | ||
High | 1.47 (1.18–1.83) | 1.45 (1.14–1.84) | ||
Measures of variation | ||||
Area variance (95% CI) | 0.66 (0.49–0.90) | 0.70 (0.51–0.96) | 0.57 (0.41–0.79) | 0.63 (0.45–0.88) |
ICC (%) | 16.8 | 17.6 | 14.8 | 16.1 |
PCV (%) | Ref. | −6.06 | 13.6 | 4.6 |
MOR | 2.18 | 2.22 | 2.06 | 2.14 |
Model Fit statistic | ||||
AIC | 5309.53 | 4848.50 | 5278.58 | 4831.51 |