| Total | Non-exerciser | Walking | Flexibility | Resistance | Walking + Flexibility | Walking +Resistance | Flexibility +Resistance | Walking +Flexibility +Resistance | P* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 13,437 | 4659 | 2270 | 2058 | 227 | 1508 | 159 | 1249 | 1307 | Â |
Smoking status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Current smoker | 29.2 (0.6) | 30.3 (0.8) | 31.4 (1.3) | 23.0 (1.2) | 47.5 (4.5) | 23.8 (1.5) | 37.0 (4.7) | 29.8 (1.7) | 31.4 (1.8) |  |
 Former smoker | 21.0 (0.4) | 18.9 (0.7) | 18.5 (1.0) | 18.9 (1.1) | 19.7 (2.8) | 17.5 (1.2) | 28.5 (4.3) | 30.4 (1.6) | 29.2 (1.5) |  |
 Non-smoker | 49.8 (0.5) | 50.8 (0.8) | 50.1 (1.4) | 58.1 (1.4) | 32.8 (4.1) | 58.7 (1.6) | 34.5 (4.7) | 39.8 (1.8) | 39.5 (1.7) |  |
 Problem drinker | 38.4 (0.5) | 36.6 (0.8) | 39.3 (1.4) | 32.6 (1.3) | 56.3 (4.4) | 32.7 (1.7) | 52.5 (4.9) | 42.3 (1.8) | 47.9 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
Activities of daily living |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Light | 51.4 (0.6) | 56.7 (0.9) | 48.3 (1.4) | 53.9 (1.4) | 58.9 (3.8) | 45.2 (1.6) | 49.9 (4.8) | 47.0 (1.8) | 45.2 (1.7) |  |
 Normal | 39.1 (0.5) | 35.3 (0.8) | 40.3 (1.3) | 40.9 (1.3) | 30.8 (3.7) | 45.2 (1.6) | 36.9 (4.8) | 42.5 (1.8) | 39.6 (1.8) |  |
 Severe | 9.5 (0.4) | 8.1 (0.6) | 11.5 (1.0) | 5.3 (0.6) | 10.4 (2.8) | 9.5 (1.1) | 13.3 (3.2) | 10.6 (1.2) | 15.3 (1.4) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 <  18.5 | 4.8 (0.2) | 6.3 (0.5) | 6.2 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.5) | 2.6 (1.2) | 4.4 (0.6) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.0 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.6) |  |
 18.5–25 | 63.6 (0.5) | 61.2 (0.9) | 67.3 (1.2) | 64.4 (1.4) | 65.6 (4.3) | 64.3 (1.5) | 59.2 (4.8) | 63.6 (1.8) | 64.0 (1.7) |  |
 ≥ 25 | 31.5 (0.5) | 32.5 (0.9) | 26.5 (1.2) | 31.6 (1.3) | 31.8 (4.1) | 31.3 (1.5) | 38.2 (4.8) | 34.4 (1.9) | 33.1 (1.7) |  |
Past medical history | ||||||||||
 Hypertension | 13.4 (0.4) | 15.0 (0.7) | 11.7 (0.7) | 13.1 (0.8) | 12.9 (2.3) | 11.9 (1.0) | 12.0 (2.5) | 14.5 (1.2) | 12.6 (1.0) | 0.015 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 4.8 (0.2) | 5.5 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.5) | 3.7 (0.4) | 4.3 (1.5) | 4.5 (0.6) | 6.5 (2.1) | 4.9 (0.7) | 5.2 (0.7) | 0.145 |
 Malignancy | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.416 |
 Stroke | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.998 |
 CVD | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.896 |
 Arthritis | 6.0 (0.2) | 6.8 (0.4) | 6.5 (0.6) | 7.2 (0.6) | 4.1 (1.6) | 6.0 (0.7) | 2.5 (1.3) | 4.4 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.5) | < 0.001 |