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Table 3 Descriptive statistics of study participants at enrolment. Continuous variables reported as [mean (SD)] and binary variables reported as [frequency (%)]

From: Promoting parent-child relationships and preventing violence via home-visiting: a pre-post cluster randomised trial among Rwandan families linked to social protection programmes

 

CLASSIC PUBLIC WORKS (cPW)

EXPANDED PUBLIC WORKS (ePW)

Sugira Muryango + cPW

cPW only

Sugira Muryango + ePW

ePW only

HOUSEHOLDS (N = 1049)

n = 374

n = 374

n = 167

n = 134

High food insecurity

239 (63.9%)

229 (61.2%)

104 (62.3%)

70 (52.2%)

CHILDREN (N = 1084)

n = 386

n = 384

n = 173

n = 141

Average age in months

21.0 (8.14)

21.8 (8.6)

20.8 (8.2)

22.3 (8.4)

Health status and wellbeing

 Stunted (HAZ < 2)

184 (47.7%)

178 (46.4%)

85 (49.1%)

75 (53.2%)

 Wasted (WHZ < 2)

13 (3.4%)

9 (2.3%)

8 (4.6%)

2 (1.4%)

 Underweight (WAZ < 2)

63 (16.3%)

71 (18.5%)

30 (17.3%)

27 (19.1%)

 Screens positive, disability or developmental delay

110 (28.6%)

111 (29.0%)

57 (32.9%)

38 (27.1%)

 Any violent punishment

184 (47.7%)

180 (47.0%)

83 (48.0%)

59 (41.8%)

CAREGIVERS (N = 1498)

n = 555

n = 564

n = 211

n = 168

Average age in years

[range]

34.5 (9.7)

[18–79]

35.7 (10.3)

[19–75]

36.3 (10.6)

[18–79]

37.5 (12.7)

[18–84]

Marital Status

 Single, separated, divorced, widowed

171 (30.8%)

166 (29.43%)

117 (55.5%)

91 (54%)

 Married/cohabitating

384 (69.2%)

398 (70.6%)

94 (44.5%)

77 (45.8%)

Relationship with child

 Biological mother

341 (61.4%)

338 (59.9%)

152 (72.0%)

119 (70.8%)

 Biological father

179 (32.3%)

183 (32.4%)

44 (20.9%)

27 (16.1%)

 Adoptive mother

2 (0.4%)

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 Stepfather

1 (0.2%)

4 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (3.0%)

 Stepmother

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 Aunt/uncle

3 (0.5%)

2 (0.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 Grandparents

28 (5.0%)

36 (6.4%)

15 (7.1%)

17 (10.1%)

Educational Attainment

 No school/Don’t know

112 (20.2%)

132 (23.4%)

60 (28.4%)

38 (22.6%)

  < 6 years

275 (49.5%)

252 (44.7%)

97 (46.0%)

88 (52.4%)

  ≥ 6 yrs. Primary

88 (15.9%)

89 (15.8%)

26 (12.3%)

21 (12.5%)

 Secondary/vocational school

80 (14.4%)

91 (16.1%)

28 (13.3%)

21 (12.5%)

Health and safety

 Screens positive, disability

60 (10.8%)

63 (11.2%)

36 (17.1%)

26 (15.5%)

 Screens positive, depression or anxiety

275 (49.5%)

248 (44.0%)

117 (55.5%)

83 (49.4%)

 Maternal victimisation violence, last three monthsa

78 (39.8%)

73 (35.3%)

15 (29.4%)

15 (36.6%)

 Paternal perpetration violence, last 3 monthsa

38 (21.2%)

41 (22.3%)

10 (23.3%)

4 (12.5%)

  1. a among mothers (n = 495) and fathers (n = 438) who are married or cohabitating
  2. HAZ Height-for-age, WHZ weight-for-height, WAZ Weight-for-age