Table 1 Demographics of respondents according to waterpipe smoking status
From: Waterpipe smoking among university students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study
| Â | All respondents | Never smoked | Ever smoked | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n (%) | 1288 | 982 (76.2) | 306 (23.8) | Â |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.091 |
 Males | 416 (32.3) | 315 (32.1) | 101 (33.0) | |
 Females | 872 (67.7) | 667 (67.9) | 205 (67.0) | |
Age, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 18–19 years | 183 (14.3) | 164 (16.7) | 19 (6.2) | |
 20–21 years | 463 (36.1) | 364 (37.2) | 99 (32.4) | |
 22–23 years | 345 (26.8) | 257 (26.3) | 88 (28.8) | |
 24 year or older | 293 (22.8) | 193 (19.7) | 100 (32.7) |  |
- Age, mean (SD) | 22.4 (3.8) | 22.1 (3.7) | 23.2 (3.9) | < 0.001 |
- Initiation age, mean (SD) | – | – | 20.2 (3.6) | |
Household income, n (%)a |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 HK$19,999 or below | 425 (45.4) | 339 (47.3) | 86 (39.3) | |
 HK$20,000 - HK$49,999 | 397 (42.4) | 308 (43.0) | 89 (40.6) | |
 HK$50,000 or above | 114 (12.2) | 70 (9.7) | 44 (20.1) | |
Education level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.217 |
 Undergraduate | 897 (82.5) | 707 (83.3) | 190 (79.8) | |
 Postgraduate | 190 (17.5) | 142 (16.7) | 48 (20.2) | |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 337 (26.2) | 323 (32.9) | 14 (4.6) | |
 Once a month or less | 663 (51.5) | 536 (54.6) | 127 (41.5) | |
 More than monthly | 288 (22.4) | 123 (12.5) | 165 (53.9) | |
Sensation-seeking behaviour, n (%) |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Low (8–18) | 315 (24.5) | 282 (28.7) | 33 (10.8) |  |
 Medium (19–29) | 834 (64.8) | 629 (64.1) | 205 (67.0) | |
 High (30–40) | 139 (10.8) | 71 (7.2) | 68 (22.2) | |
Loneliness, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 |
 Not lonely | 520 (40.4) | 377 (38.4) | 143 (46.7) | |
 Lonely (≥6) | 768 (59.6) | 605 (61.6) | 163 (53.3) | |