Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study

Table 6 Factors associated with double burden categories in a multivariable logistic regression analysis in a sample of adults in rural Tamil Nadu, South India

	Anemia only, fully adjusted model OR (95% CI)	Diabetes only, fully adjusted model OR (95% CI)	Co-morbid anemia and diabetes, fully adjusted model OR (95% CI)
Age (continuous)	1.02 (1.01, 1.03) ^a	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)^d	1.08 (1.05, 1.11)^a
Female Sex (male as referent)	2.73 (1.97, 3.79) ^a	1.43 (0.61, 2.11)	1.04 (0.49, 2.20)
Scheduled caste or tribe (Y/N)	–	2.89 (1.21, 6.90)^b	–
Seasonal migrant (Y/N)	0.54 (0.31, 0.94)^b	–	–
Livestock ownership (Y/N)	0.68 (0.49, 0.94) ^b	–	–
Rurality index	–	–	0.75 (0.57, 0.98)^b
Family history of diabetes (Y/N)	–	4.17 (1.80, 9.62)^a	4.86 (1.86, 12.70)^a
Physical Activity (h/day moderate activity)	–	0.85 (0.76, 0.96)^a	–
Body Mass Index (standardized)	–	1.87 (1.25, 2.81)^a	2.14 (1.45, 3.14)^a
Waist circumference (standardized)	–	1.68 (1.09, 2.57)^b	–
Meat and poultry intake (g/1000 kcal)	0.87 (0.78, 0.98)^b	–	–

Only variables associated with one or more outcome level (p < 0.05) are displayed
The dependent variable is a multi-level outcome: 0 = neither anemia nor diabetes (referent, not shown); 1 = anemia only; 2 = diabetes only; 3 = both anemia and diabetes
Definitions as follows: anemia, Hb < 130 g/dL for men, < 120 g/dL for women; diabetes, proof of previous diagnosis and/or CBG ≥7 mmol/L (≥126 mg/dl) and/or a 2 h post prandial CBG value ≥12.2 mmol/L (≥220 mg/dL); ^ap < 0.01; ^bp < 0.05; ^cp < 0.1; ^dp < 0.2

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