Table 2 Health behaviors and mental health status of participants by family structure
Variables | Two-parent family (n = 55,025) | Single-mother family (n = 1619) | Single-father family (n = 1278) | Restructured family (n = 1174) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health behavior | ||||||
 Conventional cigarette use | No | 47,689 (85.9) | 1301 (80.1) | 992 (77.2) | 859 (72.5) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 7336 (14.1) | 318 (19.9) | 286 (22.8) | 315 (27.5) | ||
 Electronic cigarette use | No | 51,351 (92.7) | 1439 (88.6) | 1121 (85.9) | 1015 (85.4) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 3674 (7.3) | 180 (11.4) | 157 (14.1) | 159 (14.6) | ||
 Heated tobacco product use | No | 53,762 (97.5) | 1561 (96.5) | 1205 (92.8) | 1105 (93.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1263 (2.5) | 58 (3.5) | 73 (7.2) | 69 (6.8) | ||
 Drinking | No | 32,854 (58.5) | 866 (52.9) | 652 (49.0) | 481 (39.4) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 22,171 (41.5) | 753 (47.1) | 626 (51.0) | 693 (60.6) | ||
 Drug use | No | 54,590 (99.2) | 1594 (98.5) | 1252 (97.5) | 1150 (97.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 435 (0.8) | 25 (1.5) | 26 (2.5) | 24 (2.3) | ||
 Internet use (week day) | ≤2 h | 24,733 (60.7) | 580 (51.4) | 419 (49.7) | 396 (53.2) | < 0.001 |
> 2 h | 16,190 (39.3) | 537 (48.6) | 408 (50.3) | 412 (46.8) | ||
 Physical activity (7 days) | ≥72 h | 18,293 (32.7) | 491 (28.8) | 418 (33.1) | 383 (32.2) | < 0.001 |
<  72 h | 36,732 (67.3) | 1128 (71.2) | 860 (66.9) | 791 (67.8) | ||
 Obesity | No | 47,237 (85.7) | 1373 (84.9) | 1076 (84.0) | 991 (83.7) | 0.024 |
Yes | 7788 (14.3) | 246 (15.1) | 202 (16.0) | 183 (16.3) | ||
 Sexual experience | No | 52,461 (95.0) | 1512 (93.0) | 1145 (88.0) | 989 (83.3) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 2564 (5.0) | 107 (7.0) | 133 (12.0) | 185 (16.7) | ||
Mental Health | ||||||
 Depression | No | 40,467 (73.4) | 1095 (67.7) | 882 (69.4) | 753 (65.6) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 14,558 (26.6) | 524 (32.3) | 396 (30.6) | 421 (34.4) | ||
 Suicide ideation | No | 48,000 (87.2) | 1366 (84.1) | 1060 (83.0) | 915 (78.6) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 7025 (12.8) | 253 (15.9) | 218 (17.0) | 259 (21.4) | ||
 Perceived stress | Average or below-average | 32,989 (60.0) | 892 (55.2) | 704 (55.7) | 592 (50.5) | < 0.001 |
Above average | 22,036 (40.0) | 727 (44.8) | 574 (44.3) | 582 (49.5) | ||
 Perceived health | Average or above-average | 51,557 (93.5) | 1474 (90.6) | 1169 (90.8) | 1065 (90.0) | < 0.001 |
Below average | 3468 (6.5) | 145 (9.4) | 109 (9.2) | 109 (10.0) | ||