Table 1 Summary statistics 2008–2014

 CES-D

Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale ranging from 0 to 30; higher values indicate better mental health

18.99 (4.39)

20.07 (4.00)

20.12 (4.28)

20.36 (4.04)

19.90 (4.21)

 Household CSG

1 if individual lives in a CSG- receiving household, 0 otherwise

0.65

0.76

0.80

0.83

0.76

 Household with CSG eligible child

1 if a child eligible for the CSG lives in the household, 0 otherwise (including no children)

0.83

0.87

0.90

0.89

0.87

 Male

0 if female, 1 if male

0.32

0.34

0.32

0.29

0.32

 Age

The age of the individual in years

37.58 (17.64)

37.86 (18.18)

38.61 (18.00)

40.96 (17.69)

38.68 (17.94)

 Age under 19

1 if the individual is < 19 years of age, 0 otherwise

0.17

0.16

0.13

0.05

0.13

 Econ. decision maker

1 if the individual is the economic decision maker of the household, 0 otherwise

0.39

0.39

0.41

0.46

0.41

 Size of the household

The number of household members

5.91 (3.17)

6.62 (3.82)

6.60 (3.79)

6.55 (3.53)

6.43 (3.61)

 Death in household

1 if a household member has died in the past 2 years, 0 otherwise

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.15

 Household OAG

1 if individual lives in an Old Age Pension -receiving household, 0 otherwise

0.32

0.41

0.39

0.41

0.38

 Household DG

1 if individual lives in a DG-receiving household, 0 otherwise

0.15

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.12

 Household FCG

1 if individual lives in a FCG-receiving household, 0 otherwise

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.05

 Household CDG

1 if individual lives in a CDG-receiving household, 0 otherwise

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.01

 Neighbourhood Theft

0 “never happens in neighbourhood”, 1 “very rare in neighbourhood”, 2 “not common in neighbourhood”, 3 “fairly common in neighbourhood”, 4 “very common in neighbourhood”

1.88 (1.49)

1.84 (1.38)

2.26 (1.43)

2.21 (1.48)

2.05 (1.45)

Region

The baseline is “Rural formal”

 Tribal Authority Area

1 if the individual lives in a tribal authority area, 0 otherwise

0.53

0.54

0.56

0.55

0.54

 Urban Formal

1 if the individual lives in an urban formal area, 0 otherwise

0.31

0.30

0.29

0.29

0.30

 Urban Informal (Townships)

1 if the individual lives in an urban informal area, 0 otherwise

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

Province

The baseline is “Limpopo”

 Western Cape

1 if the individual lives in Western Cape, 0 otherwise

0.08

0.07

0.08

0.07

0.07

 Eastern Cape

1 if the individual lives in Eastern Cape, 0 otherwise

0.14

0.14

0.14

0.14

0.14

 Northern Cape

1 if the individual lives in Northern Cape, 0 otherwise

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.06

0.07

 Free State

1 if the individual lives in Free State, 0 otherwise

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.06

 KwaZulu-West

1 if the individual lives in KwaZulu-West, 0 otherwise

0.33

0.34

0.35

0.38

0.35

 North West

1 if the individual lives in North West, 0 otherwise

0.08

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.07

 Gauteng

1 if the individual lives in Gauteng, 0 otherwise

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.06

 Mpumalanga

1 if the individual lives in Mpumalanga, 0 otherwise

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07