Gender disparities in the education gradient in self-reported health across birth cohorts in China

Zhu, Bowen; Ye, Yiwan

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08520-z

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Coefficients and Odds Ratios of Linear Growth Curve Models for Education, Gender and Cohort Effects on Self-Rated Health

From: Gender disparities in the education gradient in self-reported health across birth cohorts in China

	Full Sample															Female Only			Male Only
	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4			Model 5			Model 6			Model 7
	Coef.	O.R.	P	Coef.	O.R.	P	Coef.	O.R.	P	Coef.	O.R.	P	Coef.	O.R.	P	Coef.	O.R.	P	Coef.	O.R.	P
Fixed Effect Component
For Intercept
Intercept Mean	0.828	2.289	***	0.697	2.008	***	1.024	2.784	***	1.162	3.195	***	−0.533	0.587	*	−0.183	0.833		−0.673	0.510	+
Age (Centered at 22)	− 0.043	0.958	***	−0.041	0.959	***	−0.047	0.954	***	−0.046	0.955	***	− 0.040	0.961	***	− 0.053	0.948	***	−0.020	0.980	*
Age Squared	0.001	1.001	***	0.001	1.001	***	0.001	1.001	***	0.001	1.001	***	0.001	1.001	***	0.001	1.001	***	0.001	1.001	**
Male	0.399	1.490	***	0.446	1.561	***	0.392	1.480	***	0.392	1.479	***	0.384	1.469	***
Education (Years)	0.091	1.095	***	0.086	1.089	***	0.085	1.088	***	0.055	1.056	***	0.038	1.039	**	0.016	1.017		0.048	1.049	**
Male*Education				−0.016	0.984	***	−0.006	0.994		−0.004	0.996		−0.005	0.995
Cohort (Old China: 1908–38)
New China:1939–46							−0.109	0.897		−0.171	0.843		−0.131	0.877		−0.147	0.863		−0.145	0.865
Lost Generation: 1947–55							−0.172	0.842		−0.241	0.786	+	−0.184	0.832		−0.364	0.695	+	0.063	1.065
Early Cultural Revolution: 1956–60							−0.318	0.728	+	−0.504	0.604	**	−0.435	0.648	*	−0.724	0.485	**	0.035	1.035
Late Cultural Revolution: 1961–66							−0.416	0.659	*	−0.476	0.621	*	−0.357	0.700	+	−0.739	0.478	**	0.290	1.336
Economic Reform: 1967–76							−0.420	0.657	+	−0.709	0.492	**	−0.510	0.601	*	−0.989	0.372	**	0.242	1.274
Early Opening-Ups: 1977–83							−0.366	0.693		−0.702	0.496	*	−0.388	0.678		−1.021	0.360	**	0.546	1.726
Late Opening-Ups: 1984–94							−0.131	0.877		−0.127	0.881		0.246	1.279		−0.279	0.756		0.804	2.234
Interaction: EducationCohort*
Education*New China										0.016	1.016		0.021	1.022		0.038	1.038		0.025	1.025
Education*Lost Generation										0.013	1.013		0.017	1.017		0.040	1.040		0.004	1.004
Education*Early Cultural Revolution										0.038	1.038	*	0.045	1.046	**	0.061	1.063	*	0.026	1.027
Education*Late Cultural Revolution										0.018	1.018		0.022	1.023		0.038	1.039		0.002	1.002
Education*Economic Reform										0.057	1.058	***	0.059	1.061	***	0.084	1.088	***	0.033	1.033
Education*Early Opening-Ups										0.062	1.063	***	0.058	1.059	**	0.097	1.102	***	0.022	1.022
Education*Late Opening-Ups										0.024	1.024		0.019	1.020		0.039	1.040		0.027	1.027
Family Income													0.157	1.170	***	0.158	1.172	***	0.155	1.168	***
Employed													0.262	1.299	***	0.166	1.180	***	0.393	1.481	***
Physical Exercise													0.050	1.051	***	0.051	1.052	***	0.049	1.051	**
For Linear Growth Rates or Slope (Timestamp = Survey Waves 2010–2016)
Slope Mean	− 0.009	2.289		−0.016	0.984	***	−0.059	0.943	+	−0.057	0.945		0.048	1.049		0.016	1.016		0.113	1.119	+
Age (Centered at 22)	−0.001	0.999					0.001	1.001		0.001	1.001		0.000	1.000		0.002	1.002		−0.002	0.998
Male	−0.002	0.998					0.016	1.016		0.016	1.016		0.017	1.017
Education (Years)	−0.001	0.999					0.001	1.001		0.001	1.001		0.002	1.002		0.005	1.005		−0.003	0.997
Male*Education							−0.003	0.997	*	−0.003	0.997	*	−0.003	0.997	*
Cohort (Old China: 1908–38)
New China:1939–46							0.004	1.004		0.014	1.014		0.005	1.005		0.012	1.012		−0.002	0.998
Lost Generation: 1947–55							0.017	1.017		0.004	1.004		−0.014	0.986		0.011	1.011		−0.048	0.953
Early Cultural Revolution: 1956–60							0.035	1.036		0.044	1.045		0.020	1.020		0.072	1.075		−0.077	0.926
Late Cultural Revolution: 1961–66							0.051	1.052		0.031	1.032	+	−0.002	0.998		0.036	1.037		−0.048	0.953
Economic Reform: 1967–76							0.076	1.079	+	0.084	1.087		0.040	1.041		0.099	1.104		−0.048	0.953
Early Opening-Ups: 1977–83							0.085	1.089		0.093	1.098		0.034	1.034		0.092	1.096		−0.060	0.942
Late Opening-Ups: 1984–94							0.022	1.023		0.048	1.050		−0.019	0.981		−0.024	0.976		0.054	1.055
Interaction: EducationCohort*
Education*New China										−0.003	0.997		−0.003	0.997		−0.005	0.995		−0.003	0.997
Education*Lost Generation										0.003	1.003		0.003	1.003		0.000	1.000		0.003	1.003
Education*Early Cultural Revolution										−0.002	0.998		−0.003	0.997		−0.006	0.994		0.002	1.002
Education*Late Cultural Revolution										0.003	1.003		0.002	1.002		−0.001	0.999		0.001	1.001
Education*Economic Reform										−0.002	0.998		−0.002	0.998		−0.007	0.993		0.000	1.000
Education*Early Opening-Ups										−0.002	0.998		− 0.002	0.998		−0.001	0.999		−0.004	0.996
Education*Late Opening-Ups										−0.003	0.997		−0.004	0.996		0.000	1.000		−0.018	0.982	*
Family Income													−0.006	0.994		−0.007	0.993	+	−0.004	0.996
Employed													−0.009	0.991	*	− 0.006	0.994		−0.014	0.986
Physical Exercise													−0.008	0.992		− 0.008	0.992	**	−0.007	0.993	*
Total Variance	1.617			1.677***			1.679***			1.679***			1.658***			1.605***			1.723***
Sample Size	100,608															51,395			49,213

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