Dental problems and chronic diseases in mentally ill homeless adults: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Bivariate description of the baseline characteristics across chronic dental problems (DPs) in the AH/CS participants, Toronto Site (Observed data)

Characteristics at baseline	N = 546	No DPs (n = 314) (57.51%)	Yes DPs^a (n = 232) (42.49%)	P-value
Demographics and socioeconomics
Gender^b	546
Male	373	53.62	46.38	0.007
Female	173	65.90	34.10
Age (years) at baseline	546	38.11 (11.82)	43.47 (10.99)	0.000^t
Self-identified ethno-racial and cultural identity^c	546
White	194	54.12	45.88	0.010
Black	187	66.31	33.69	0.000^¥
Other	165	51.52	48.48
Lifetime length of homelessness	534
≤ 3 years	248	68.95	31.05	0.000
> 3 years	286	48.25	51.75
Education	546
Attended some middle/high school	260	55.00	45.00	0.474
Completed high school	104	61.54	38.46	0.365^¥
Attended/completed college, trade, school, or university	182	58.79	41.21
Level of needs for mental and social services	546
Moderate needs	366	56.83	43.17	0.647
High needs	180	58.89	41.11
Lifestyles and risk factors
Smoking	544
No	146	72.60	27.40	0.000
Yes (daily or occasionally)	398	52.26	47.74
Drug abuse or dependence	546
No	288	65.28	34.72	0.000
Yes	258	48.84	51.16
Alcohol abuse or dependence	546
No	310	61.61	38.39	0.026
Yes	236	52.12	47.88
BMI (kg/m²)	468	27.05 (6.47)	25.69 (5.55)	0.019^t

^aYes dental problem refers to self-reported of having DP lasted at least 6 months at AH/C-S baseline
^bFemale includes individuals identified as female and those as transsexual (n = 1) or transgender (n = 9) at AH/CS study's baseline
^cThe black group includes African-black, Caribbean region-black, and Canadian-black. The white group includes European-white and Canadian-white. Other ethno-racial group includes Indigenous, East Asian, South Asian, South-Eastern Asian, Latin American, Indians, and Caribbean, Middle Eastern, mixed
t = t-test, ¥= p-trend

ISSN: 1471-2458