Table 1 Description of the study participants
Characteristics | Total | Men | Women | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomedicala | ||||
 Sample size, n (%) | 385 (100.0) | 197 (51.2) | 188 (48.8) |  |
 Age (years), mean (SD) | 37.77 (15.66) | 36.47 (15.63) | 39 (15.61) | 0.094 |
 BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.67 (5.97) | 23.17 (4.11) | 28.28 (6.49) | < 0.0001** |
 Hip circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 100.09 (13.83) | 95.02 (1.96) | 105.40 (13.68) | < 0.0001** |
 Weight (cm), mean (SD) | 70.87 (15.16) | 63.31 (12.74) | 73.56 (16.97) | 0.001** |
 Blood Glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | ||||
  Fasting Blood Glucose | 5.385 (1.211) | 5.286 (0.888) | 5.478 (1.449) | 0.141 |
  Random Blood Glucose | 7.368 (1.830) | 7.117 (1.632) | 8.055 (2.235) | 0.149 |
 BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | ||||
  SBP | 123.13 (16.22) | 122.64 (13.99) | 123.64 (18.29) | 0.549 |
  DBP | 77.83 (11.33) | 77.90 (10.57) | 77.77 (12.11) | 0.909 |
 BMI (kg/m2), n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.0001* |
  Underweight | 21 (5.5) | 19 (9.6) | 2 (1.1) |  |
  Normal | 186 (48.3) | 126 (64.0) | 60 (31.9) |  |
  Overweight | 102 (26.5) | 39 (19.8) | 63 (33.5) |  |
  Obese | 76 (19.7) | 13 (6.6) | 63 (33.5) |  |
 Waist circumference (cm), n (%) |  |  |  | 0.855 |
  Normal | 221 (57.4) | 112 (56.9) | 109 (58.0) |  |
  Overweight | 59 (15.3) | 29 (14.7) | 30 (16.0) |  |
  Obese | 105 (27.3) | 56 (28.4) | 49 (26.1) |  |
 Waist-to-hip ratio, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.640 |
  Normal | 247 (64.2) | 129 (65.5) | 118 (62.8) |  |
  Overweight | 49 (12.7) | 22 (11.2) | 27 (14.4) |  |
  Obese | 43 (23.1) | 46 (23.4) | 43 (22.9) |  |
 Hypertension (mmHg), n (%) |  |  |  | 0.198 |
  Normal | 142 (36.9) | 68 (34.5) | 74 (39.4) |  |
  Elevated | 57 (14.8) | 33 (16.8) | 24 (12.8) |  |
  Hypertension stage 1 | 113 (29.4) | 63 (32.0) | 50 (26.6) |  |
  Hypertension stage 2 | 67 (17.4) | 32 (16.2) | 35 (18.6) |  |
  Hypertension crisis | 6 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (2.7) |  |
Socioeconomicb | ||||
 Education, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.054 |
  No formal education | 26 (6.8) | 11 (5.6) | 15 (8.0) |  |
  Primary | 96 (24.9) | 45 (22.8) | 51 (27.1) |  |
  Secondary | 101 (26.2) | 44 (22.3) | 57 (30.3) |  |
  High school | 118 (30.6) | 67 (34.0) | 51 (27.1) |  |
  College/university degree | 42 (10.9) | 29 (14.7) | 13 (6.9) |  |
  Postgraduate degree | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) |  |
 Occupation, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.022* |
  Student | 49 (12.7) | 28 (14.2) | 21 (11.2) |  |
  Unemployed | 104 (27.0) | 43 (21.8) | 61 (32.4) |  |
  Civil servant | 157 (40.8) | 91 (46.2) | 66 (35.1) |  |
  Self employed | 58 (15.1) | 30 (15.2) | 28 (14.9) |  |
  Domestic worker | 8 (2.1) | 1 (0.5) | 7 (3.7) |  |
  Shop attendant | 9 (2.3) | 4 (2.1) | 5 (2.7) |  |
 Residence, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.331 |
  Rural | 192 (50.1) | 94 (47.7) | 98 (57.2) |  |
  Urban | 191 (49.9) | 103 (52.3) | 88 (47.3) |  |
 Marital status, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.081 |
  Single | 172 (44.8) | 99 (50.3) | 73 (39.0) |  |
  Married | 157 (40.9) | 74 (37.6) | 83 (44.4) |  |
  Staying with partner | 35 (9.1) | 18 (9.1) | 17 (9.1) |  |
  Widowed | 14 (3.6) | 5 (2.5) | 9 (4.8) |  |
  Divorced | 6 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (2.7) |  |
 Average monthly income (SDE), n (%) |  |  |  | 0.001* |
   < 500 | 41 (10.6) | 18 (9.1) | 23 (12.2) |  |
  500–999 | 66 (17.1) | 23 (11.7) | 43 (22.9) |  |
  1000–1999 | 92 (23.9) | 41 (20.8) | 51 (27.1) |  |
  2000–2999 | 74 (19.2) | 42 (21.3) | 32 (17.0) |  |
   ≥ 3000 | 112 (29.1) | 73 (37.1) | 39 (20.7) |  |