Table 2 Experiences of SFD, MFD and E-MFD by study group and univariate associations between discrimination variables and postpartum depression (PPD)
| Â | Total | Non-Immigrant Jewish | Jewish Immigrant | Palestinian-Arab | Â | Postpartum Depression (PPD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | p | N (%) | p |
1128 (100) | 632 (56.0) | 221 (19.6) | 275 (24.4) | 116 (10.3) | Â | ||
Single forms of discrimination (SFD) | |||||||
Discrimination based on ethno-national identity | |||||||
 Yes | 372 (33.1) | 117 (18.6) | 101 (45.9) | 153 (55.8) | < 0.001 | 61 (16.5) | < 0.001 |
 No | 752 (66.9) | 513 (81.4) | 119 (54.1) | 121 (44.2) |  | 55 (7.3) |  |
Discrimination based on socioeconomic status | |||||||
 Yes | 126 (11.3) | 56 (8.9) | 22 (10.1) | 48 (17.5) | 0.001 | 30 (23.8) | < 0.001 |
 No | 994 (88.8) | 572 (91.1) | 196 (89.9) | 226 (82.5) |  | 86 (8.7) |  |
Discrimination based on religiosity level | |||||||
 Yes | 250 (22.3) | 106 (16.9) | 48 (21.8) | 96 (35.2) | < 0.001 | 41 (16.4) | 0.001 |
 No | 872 (77.7) | 523 (83.2) | 172 (78.2) | 177 (64.8) |  | 75 (8.7) |  |
Discrimination based on age | |||||||
 Yes | 117 (10.4) | 67 (10.6) | 21 (9.5) | 29 (10.6) | 0.896 | 22 (18.8) | 0.002 |
 No | 1007 (89.6) | 563 (89.4) | 199 (90.5) | 245 (89.4) |  | 94 (9.38) |  |
Discrimination based on gender | |||||||
 Yes | 449 (39.9) | 263 (41.7) | 89 (40.5) | 96 (35.0) | 0.163 | 57(12.75) | 0.033 |
 No | 675 (60.1) | 367 (58.3) | 131 (59.6) | 178 (65.0) |  | 59 (8.78) |  |
Discrimination based on skin color | |||||||
 Yes | 106 (9.4) | 48 (7.6) | 25 (11.4) | 33 (12.1) | 0.060 | 21 (19.81) | < 0.001 |
 No | 1017 (90.6) | 582 (92.4) | 195 (88.6) | 240 (87.9) |  | 94 (9.29) |  |
Multiple forms of discrimination (MFD) | |||||||
 None | 467 (41.5) | 290 (46.0) | 79 (35.9) | 98 (35.8) | < 0.001 | 28 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
 1 form | 245 (21.8) | 153 (24.3) | 47 (21.4) | 45 (16.4) |  | 18 (7.4) |  |
 2 forms | 167 (14.9) | 75 (11.9) | 41 (18.6) | 51 (18.6) |  | 25 (15.2) |  |
  ≥ 3 forms | 245 (21.8) | 112 (17.8) | 53 (24.1) | 80 (29.2) |  | 45 (18.4) |  |
Ethnic discrimination combined with MFD (E-MFD) | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 | ||||
 None | 467 (41.5) | 290 (46.0) | 79 (35.9) | 98 (35.8) |  | 28 (6.0) |  |
 Ethno-national exclusive | 59 (5.2) | 11 (1.7) | 17 (7.7) | 31 (11.3) |  | 6 (10.2) |  |
 Ethno-national and 1 other SFD | 111 (9.9) | 29 (4.6) | 35 (16.9) | 47 (17.2) |  | 18 (16.5) |  |
 Ethno-national and 2 other SFD | 91 (8.1) | 27 (4.3) | 27 (12.3) | 37 (13.5) |  | 13 (14.3) |  |
 Ethno-national and ≥ 3 SFD | 111 (9.9) | 50 (7.9) | 22 (10.0) | 39 (14.2) |  | 24 (21.6) |  |
 Other discrimination (not ethno-national) | 285 (25.4) | 223 (35.4) | 40 (18.2) | 22 (8.0) |  | 27 (9.5) |  |