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Table 4 Prevalence and associations of the GHQ-12 score with risk factors among males

From: Association of socioeconomic and lifestyle-related risk factors with mental health conditions: a cross-sectional study

 

Males

Disposable income per household

Employment status

< 2000 K

2000 K – < 6000 K

≥ 6000 K

Full time

Others

Prevalence (≥ 4)a)

Crude OR b)

95% CI

Adjusted ORc)

95% CI

Adjusted ORd)

95% CI

Adjusted ORd)

95% CI

Adjusted ORd)

95% CI

Adjusted ORe)

95% CI

Adjusted ORe)

95% CI

n

%

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Age (years)

 40–49

167

33.3

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 50–59

177

36.3

1.145

0.881

1.488

1.153

0.870

1.528

0.872

0.249

3.049

1.344

0.879

2.055

1.096

0.729

1.647

1.258

0.908

1.742

1.267

0.269

5.970

 60–69

165

30.7

0.890

0.685

1.157

0.908

0.650

1.268

1.101

0.339

3.576

0.781

0.482

1.266

1.191

0.699

2.026

0.845

0.515

1.387

0.391

0.125

1.221

Number of persons in the household

 ≥ 2

427

32.4

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 1

 68

45.0

1.711

1.217

2.406

1.495

0.992

2.253

1.237

0.465

3.286

1.220

0.702

2.123

2.548

1.049

6.189

1.418

0.830

2.421

1.498

0.566

3.962

Employment status

 Full time

284

33.8

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

 Others

156

31.4

0.896

0.706

1.136

0.970

0.732

1.284

0.993

0.380

2.593

0.937

0.626

1.402

1.002

0.640

1.568

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

Household disposable income (JPY)

 ≥ 6000 K

206

31.9

1

  

1

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

1

  

1

  

 2000 K–<  6000 K

245

33.0

1.053

0.840

1.319

1.027

0.793

1.331

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

1.177

0.852

1.626

0.682

0.291

1.594

 <  2000 K

 55

43.0

1.609

1.093

2.370

1.535

0.918

2.567

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

1.693

0.770

3.723

0.714

0.263

1.939

Sleep duration on weekdays (hours)

 ≥ 7

208

31.9

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 6–7

171

30.5

0.938

0.735

1.197

0.925

0.700

1.221

1.080

0.367

3.181

1.110

0.744

1.655

0.735

0.478

1.132

1.035

0.723

1.481

1.019

0.471

2.203

 <  6

126

42.3

1.564

1.179

2.075

1.613

1.171

2.221

0.985

0.253

3.830

2.199

1.383

3.498

1.233

0.762

1.995

1.460

0.976

2.182

1.837

0.531

6.363

Physical exercise (days/week)

 ≥ 3

 49

21.9

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 ≤ 2

 86

29.5

1.491

0.995

2.234

1.250

0.795

1.964

1.061

0.147

7.680

1.101

0.530

2.288

1.352

0.728

2.511

1.030

0.575

1.846

7.551

1.885

30.247

 0

367

37.1

2.111

1.499

2.971

1.663

1.122

2.465

1.037

0.182

5.925

1.588

0.870

2.897

1.743

0.996

3.048

1.497

0.885

2.533

5.175

2.014

13.295

Smoking

 Never

153

34.1

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Quit

197

32.6

0.936

0.723

1.213

0.929

0.693

1.246

0.984

0.257

3.770

0.848

0.549

1.311

1.012

0.660

1.553

1.030

0.715

1.485

1.315

0.587

2.945

 Sometimes/everyday

155

33.6

0.980

0.745

1.290

0.927

0.682

1.261

1.507

0.443

5.128

0.784

0.494

1.244

1.010

0.638

1.597

0.926

0.631

1.357

1.549

0.583

4.112

Drinking (times/week)

 0

141

36.2

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 ≤ 2

122

30.5

0.772

0.574

1.039

0.881

0.632

1.228

1.306

0.364

4.686

0.910

0.573

1.445

0.745

0.437

1.268

0.910

0.602

1.376

0.714

0.261

1.952

 ≥ 3

241

33.3

0.878

0.678

1.136

1.055

0.780

1.426

1.171

0.369

3.710

1.081

0.701

1.668

1.013

0.631

1.626

1.136

0.771

1.673

0.878

0.404

1.907

  1. a) Prevalence of GHQ-12 score ≥ 4
  2. b) Crude odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (no adjustment for any variables)
  3. c) Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (adjusted for age, number of persons in the household, employment status, disposable income per household, sleep duration on weekdays, physical exercise, smoking, and drinking)
  4. d) Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (adjusted for age, number of persons in the household, employment status, sleep duration on weekdays, physical exercise, smoking, and drinking)
  5. e) Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (adjusted for age, number of persons in the household, disposable income per household, sleep duration on weekdays, physical exercise, smoking, and drinking)
  6. f) NA not applicable
  7. g) Bold ratios: statistically siginificant results
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