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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the sample in each country (N = 37,724)

From: Psychological intimate partner violence against women in the European Union: a cross-national invariance study

 

Age (%)

Income (%)

Self-perceived health

Experiences of child abuse (%)

18–24

25–34

35–59

60+

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

M

SD

Austria

12.4

21.3

45.1

21.1

34.1

23.0

26.6

16.3

1.77

0.86

26.7

Belgium

8.0

17.0

53.6

21.4

10.7

24.5

37.7

27.1

2.04

0.87

26.0

Bulgaria

4.9

13.5

44.2

37.3

12.5

39.1

35.0

13.5

2.34

1.00

27.7

Croatia

5.4

15.1

52.2

27.3

27.0

22.7

25.8

24.5

2.23

1.11

31.8

Cyprus

18.4

27.5

45.1

9.1

6.2

27.4

49.5

16.9

1.60

0.80

12.2

Czech Republic

9.8

16.6

49.0

24.6

29.8

29.2

22.8

18.2

2.06

0.89

32.3

Denmark

12.2

15.3

49.0

23.5

25.5

35.1

24.9

14.5

1.82

0.90

41.9

Estonia

5.9

12.7

47.0

34.4

28.0

23.6

26.1

22.3

2.56

0.92

48.4

Finland

5.9

15.5

45.2

33.5

19.3

22.4

27.6

30.7

2.07

0.79

52.2

France

5.4

14.7

57.0

22.9

52.7

32.5

9.7

5.1

1.99

0.84

44.9

Germany

5.7

13.3

55.9

25.2

23.5

26.1

29.2

21.3

2.14

0.84

42.8

Greece

7.4

16.4

50.9

25.2

21.9

40.7

33.1

4.3

1.69

0.88

23.7

Hungary

8.3

15.3

46.7

29.6

20.1

29.4

23.7

26.8

2.49

0.99

23.8

Ireland

6.2

20.1

49.7

24.1

39.7

30.3

20.9

9.2

1.69

0.83

27.7

Italy

4.4

14.6

60.8

20.1

62.5

30.0

5.4

2.0

2.23

0.76

33.6

Latvia

7.4

15.7

46.9

30.0

23.6

26.0

25.0

25.5

2.68

0.83

31.5

Lithuania

5.6

11.8

54.3

28.3

44.2

16.7

16.5

22.6

2.57

0.85

18.4

Luxembourg

3.8

14.0

63.7

18.5

15.5

32.6

31.4

20.5

1.94

0.89

44.0

Malta

3.9

13.6

52.3

30.1

30.8

41.3

20.6

7.2

2.06

0.66

23.4

Netherlands

3.2

12.1

59.5

25.2

18.9

28.7

26.9

25.6

2.15

0.77

33.0

Poland

9.9

23.7

47.5

18.8

10.4

24.7

30.7

34.2

2.23

0.98

17.6

Portugal

4.3

11.3

47.8

36.6

22.4

40.6

20.6

16.3

2.66

0.92

28.4

Romania

9.2

18.7

47.9

24.3

29.2

20.7

19.8

30.3

2.38

1.03

22.7

Slovakia

6.8

18.6

53.9

20.8

18.3

23.7

28.1

29.9

2.10

0.96

32.9

Slovenia

5.5

13.4

52.3

28.9

12.9

30.9

35.2

21.1

2.13

0.90

13.2

Spain

3.9

15.3

54.7

26.1

35.4

29.4

22.3

13.0

2.13

0.89

29.2

Sweden

2.7

10.8

54.3

32.2

3.5

27.2

23.6

45.7

1.93

0.92

43.2

United Kingdom

6.0

15.9

50.0

28.1

38.3

8.9

8.8

44.0

1.92

0.95

38.0

  1. The percentages and descriptive statistics are unweighted. M Mean, SD Standard Deviation. Income: Q1 = under lowest quartile, Q2 = between lowest quartile and median, Q3 = between median and highest quartile, Q4 = above highest quartile