Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Paper | Country | Study design | Sample size | Age | Depression indicator | Sedentary behavior indicator | Reference categories | Methodological quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primack et al.2009 [26] | USA | Cohort | 4142 | Mean(SD) age at follow-up: 21.8(1.8) years old | CES-D (20-item) | Self-report hours of exposure to electronic media | Continuous | Strong |
Teychenne et al. 2010 [27] | Australia | Cross-sectional | 3645 | 18–45 years old | CES-D (10-item) | Self-reported sitting time | 1 h | Strong |
Vallance et al.2010 [28] | Australia | Cross-sectional | 2862 | Mean(SD) age: 45.7(13.7) years old | PHQ-9 | ActiGraph AM-7164 accelerometer | > 4 h | Strong |
Lucas et al. 2011 [29] | USA | Cohort | 49,821 | 30–55 years old | Clinical depression | Self-reported sitting time | 1 h | Weak |
Thomée et al. 2012 [30] | Sweden | Cohort | 4163 | 20–24 years old | Self-reported symptoms of depression | Self-report computer time | 2 h | Strong |
Breland et al. 2013 [31] | USA | Cross-sectional | 535 | 18–96 years old | PHQ-8 | Self-reported screen time | > 4 h | Weak |
Sloan et al. 2013 [32] | Singapore | Cross-sectional | 4337 | 18–79 years old | GHQ-12 | GPAQ v2 | 2 h | Strong |
Van et al.2013 [33] | Australia | Cohort | 8950 | 50–55 years old | CES-D (10-item) | Self-reported sitting time | > 4 h | Moderate |
Arredondo et al.2013 [34] | USA | Cross-sectional | 397 | 43.4 ± 16.9 years old | PHQ-9 | GPAQ | Continuous | Strong |
Feng et al. 2014 [35] | China | Cross-sectional | 1106 | 18.9 ± 0.9 years old | SDS | Self-reported sitting time | 2 h | Strong |
Wu et al. 2015 [36] | China | Cross-sectional | 4747 | Mean(SD) age: 19.26(1.40) years old | CES-D | Self-reported screen time | 2 h | Strong |
Sui et al. 2015 [37] | China | Cohort | 4802 | 18–80 years old | CES-D (10-item) | Self-reported TV or riding in a car time | Continuous | Moderate |
Wu et al. 2016 [38] | China | Cross-sectional | 2521 | Mean(SD) age: 18.43(0.96) years old | CES-D (20-item) | Self-reported screen time | 2 h | Strong |
Padmapriya et al. 2016 [39] | Singapore | Cohort | 1144 | 30.7 ± 5.1 years old | EPDS | Self-reported sitting time | > 4 h | Strong |
Madhav et al.2017 [40] | USA | Cross-sectional | 3201 | 20–74 years old | PHQ-9 | Self-reported TV or computer time | > 4 h | Strong |
Barros et al.2017 [41] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 49,025 | 18–59 years old | PHQ-9 | Self-reported TV time | > 4 h | Strong |
Nam et al.2017 [42] | South Korea | Cross-sectional | 4145 | 20 years old and over | PHQ-9 | Self-reported sitting time | > 4 h | Strong |
Hallgren et al. 2018 [43] | Sweden | Cohort | 40,569 | Mean(SD) age: 51.6(16.1) years old | Clinical diagnosis | Self-reported screen time | > 4 h | Moderate |
Stubbs et al. 2018 [44] | China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa | Cross-sectional | 42,469 | Mean(SD) age: 43.8(14.4)years old | WMHCIDI | Self-reported screen time | > 4 h | Strong |