Primack et al.2009 [26]
|
USA
|
Cohort
|
4142
|
Mean(SD) age at follow-up: 21.8(1.8) years old
|
CES-D (20-item)
|
Self-report hours of exposure to electronic media
|
Continuous
|
Strong
|
Teychenne et al. 2010 [27]
|
Australia
|
Cross-sectional
|
3645
|
18–45 years old
|
CES-D (10-item)
|
Self-reported sitting time
|
1 h
|
Strong
|
Vallance et al.2010 [28]
|
Australia
|
Cross-sectional
|
2862
|
Mean(SD) age: 45.7(13.7) years old
|
PHQ-9
|
ActiGraph AM-7164 accelerometer
|
> 4 h
|
Strong
|
Lucas et al. 2011 [29]
|
USA
|
Cohort
|
49,821
|
30–55 years old
|
Clinical depression
|
Self-reported sitting time
|
1 h
|
Weak
|
Thomée et al. 2012 [30]
|
Sweden
|
Cohort
|
4163
|
20–24 years old
|
Self-reported symptoms of depression
|
Self-report computer time
|
2 h
|
Strong
|
Breland et al. 2013 [31]
|
USA
|
Cross-sectional
|
535
|
18–96 years old
|
PHQ-8
|
Self-reported screen time
|
> 4 h
|
Weak
|
Sloan et al. 2013 [32]
|
Singapore
|
Cross-sectional
|
4337
|
18–79 years old
|
GHQ-12
|
GPAQ v2
|
2 h
|
Strong
|
Van et al.2013 [33]
|
Australia
|
Cohort
|
8950
|
50–55 years old
|
CES-D (10-item)
|
Self-reported sitting time
|
> 4 h
|
Moderate
|
Arredondo et al.2013 [34]
|
USA
|
Cross-sectional
|
397
|
43.4 ± 16.9 years old
|
PHQ-9
|
GPAQ
|
Continuous
|
Strong
|
Feng et al. 2014 [35]
|
China
|
Cross-sectional
|
1106
|
18.9 ± 0.9 years old
|
SDS
|
Self-reported sitting time
|
2 h
|
Strong
|
Wu et al. 2015 [36]
|
China
|
Cross-sectional
|
4747
|
Mean(SD) age: 19.26(1.40) years old
|
CES-D
|
Self-reported screen time
|
2 h
|
Strong
|
Sui et al. 2015 [37]
|
China
|
Cohort
|
4802
|
18–80 years old
|
CES-D (10-item)
|
Self-reported TV or riding in a car time
|
Continuous
|
Moderate
|
Wu et al. 2016 [38]
|
China
|
Cross-sectional
|
2521
|
Mean(SD) age: 18.43(0.96) years old
|
CES-D (20-item)
|
Self-reported screen time
|
2 h
|
Strong
|
Padmapriya et al. 2016 [39]
|
Singapore
|
Cohort
|
1144
|
30.7 ± 5.1 years old
|
EPDS
|
Self-reported sitting time
|
> 4 h
|
Strong
|
Madhav et al.2017 [40]
|
USA
|
Cross-sectional
|
3201
|
20–74 years old
|
PHQ-9
|
Self-reported TV or computer time
|
> 4 h
|
Strong
|
Barros et al.2017 [41]
|
Brazil
|
Cross-sectional
|
49,025
|
18–59 years old
|
PHQ-9
|
Self-reported TV time
|
> 4 h
|
Strong
|
Nam et al.2017 [42]
|
South Korea
|
Cross-sectional
|
4145
|
20 years old and over
|
PHQ-9
|
Self-reported sitting time
|
> 4 h
|
Strong
|
Hallgren et al. 2018 [43]
|
Sweden
|
Cohort
|
40,569
|
Mean(SD) age: 51.6(16.1) years old
|
Clinical diagnosis
|
Self-reported screen time
|
> 4 h
|
Moderate
|
Stubbs et al. 2018 [44]
|
China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa
|
Cross-sectional
|
42,469
|
Mean(SD) age: 43.8(14.4)years old
|
WMHCIDI
|
Self-reported screen time
|
> 4 h
|
Strong
|